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Attenuated responses to emotional expressions in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2010

M. E. Palm ,
R. Elliott ,
S. McKie ,
J. F. W. Deakin  and
I. M. Anderson
M. E. Palm*
Affiliation:
The University of Manchester, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Stopford Building, Manchester, UK
R. Elliott
Affiliation:
The University of Manchester, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Stopford Building, Manchester, UK
S. McKie
Affiliation:
The University of Manchester, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Stopford Building, Manchester, UK
J. F. W. Deakin
Affiliation:
The University of Manchester, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Stopford Building, Manchester, UK
I. M. Anderson
Affiliation:
The University of Manchester, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Unit, Stopford Building, Manchester, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr M. E. Palm, Nowgen, A Centre for Genetics in Healthcare, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, The Nowgen Centre, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9WU, UK. (Email: marisha.palm@manchester.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is under-researched despite its high prevalence and large impact on the healthcare system. There is a paucity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that explore the neural correlates of emotional processing in GAD. The present study investigated the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to processing positive and negative facial emotions in patients with GAD.

Method

A total of 15 female GAD patients and 16 female controls undertook an implicit face emotion task during fMRI scanning. They also performed a face emotion recognition task outside the scanner.

Results

The only behavioural difference observed in GAD patients was less accurate detection of sad facial expressions compared with control participants. However, GAD patients showed an attenuated BOLD signal in the prefrontal cortex to fearful, sad, angry and happy facial expressions and an attenuated signal in the anterior cingulate cortex to happy and fearful facial expressions. No differences were found in amygdala response.

Conclusions

In contrast with previous research, this study found BOLD signal attenuation in the ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex during face emotion processing, consistent with a hypothesis of hypo-responsivity to external emotional stimuli in GAD. These decreases were in areas that have been implicated in emotion and cognition and may reflect an altered balance between internally and externally directed attentional processes.

Keywords

AnxietyemotionfMRIGAD
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 41 , Issue 5 , May 2011 , pp. 1009 - 1018
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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