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Dentate gyrus volume deficit in schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2019

Soichiro Nakahara ,
Jessica A. Turner ,
Vince D. Calhoun ,
Kelvin O. Lim ,
Bryon Mueller ,
Juan R. Bustillo ,
Daniel S. O'Leary ,
Sarah McEwen ,
James Voyvodic  and
Aysenil Belger
...Show all authors
Soichiro Nakahara
Affiliation:
Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92617, USA Virtual Venture Unit, Psychiatry, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8585, Japan
Jessica A. Turner
Affiliation:
The Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) {Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory}, Atlanta, GA30300, USA Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30302, USA Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM87106, USA
Vince D. Calhoun
Affiliation:
The Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) {Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory}, Atlanta, GA30300, USA Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM87106, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131, USA Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131, USA
Kelvin O. Lim
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55454, USA
Bryon Mueller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55454, USA
Juan R. Bustillo
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131, USA
Daniel S. O'Leary
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA
Sarah McEwen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
James Voyvodic
Affiliation:
Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710, USA
Aysenil Belger
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
Daniel H. Mathalon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143, USA Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA94121, USA
Judith M. Ford
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143, USA Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA94121, USA
Fabio Macciardi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92617, USA
Mitsuyuki Matsumoto
Affiliation:
Virtual Venture Unit, Psychiatry, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8585, Japan
Steven G. Potkin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92617, USA
Theo G. M. van Erp*
Affiliation:
Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92617, USA Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Theo G. M. van Erp, E-mail: tvanerp@uci.edu
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Abstract

Background

Schizophrenia is associated with robust hippocampal volume deficits but subregion volume deficits, their associations with cognition, and contributing genes remain to be determined.

Methods

Hippocampal formation (HF) subregion volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer 6.0 from individuals with schizophrenia (n = 176, mean age ± s.d. = 39.0 ± 11.5, 132 males) and healthy volunteers (n = 173, mean age ± s.d. = 37.6 ± 11.3, 123 males) with similar mean age, gender, handedness, and race distributions. Relationships between the HF subregion volume with the largest between group difference, neuropsychological performance, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed.

Results

This study found a significant group by region interaction on hippocampal subregion volumes. Compared to healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia had significantly smaller dentate gyrus (DG) (Cohen's d = −0.57), Cornu Ammonis (CA) 4, molecular layer of the hippocampus, hippocampal tail, and CA 1 volumes, when statistically controlling for intracranial volume; DG (d = −0.43) and CA 4 volumes remained significantly smaller when statistically controlling for mean hippocampal volume. DG volume showed the largest between group difference and significant positive associations with visual memory and speed of processing in the overall sample. Genome-wide association analysis with DG volume as the quantitative phenotype identified rs56055643 (β = 10.8, p < 5 × 10−8, 95% CI 7.0–14.5) on chromosome 3 in high linkage disequilibrium with MOBP. Gene-based analyses identified associations between SLC25A38 and RPSA and DG volume.

Conclusions

This study suggests that DG dysfunction is fundamentally involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, that it may contribute to cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia, and that underlying biological mechanisms may involve contributions from MOBP, SLC25A38, and RPSA.

Keywords

geneticsgenome-wide association analysishippocampusimagingsubfield
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 8 , June 2020 , pp. 1267 - 1277
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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