Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:32:17.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Early intervention in psychosis: keeping faith with evidence-based health care

A commentary on: ‘Early intervention in psychotic disorders: faith before facts?’ by Bosanac et al. (2009)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2009

P. McGorry*
Affiliation:
Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
J. O. Johanessen
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
S. Lewis
Affiliation:
School of Community-based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK
M. Birchwood
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
A. Malla
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
M. Nordentoft
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Denmark
J. Addington
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Canada
A. Yung
Affiliation:
Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor P. McGorry, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia. (Email: pmcgorry@unimelb.edu.au)

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bertelsen, M, Jeppesen, P, Petersen, L, Thorup, A, Ohlenschlaeger, J, le Quach, P, Christensen, TO, Krarup, G, Jorgensen, P, Nordentoft, M (2008). Five-year follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial of intensive early intervention vs standard treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness: the OPUS trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 762771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosanac, P, Patton, GC, Castle, DJ (2009). Early intervention in psychotic disorders: faith before facts? Psychological Medicine. Published online: 2 July 2009. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709990341.Google Scholar
Cannon, TD, Cadenhead, K, Cornblatt, B, Woods, SW, Addington, J, Walker, E, Seidman, LJ, Perkins, D, Tsuang, M, McGlashan, T, Heinssen, R (2008). Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: a multisite longitudinal study in North America. Archives of General Psychiatry 65, 2837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, TK, Garety, P, Power, P, Rahaman, N, Colbert, S, Fornells-Ambrojo, M, Dunn, G (2004). The Lambeth Early Onset (LEO) Team: randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of specialised care for early psychosis. British Medical Journal 329, 1067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooq, S, Large, M, Nielssen, O, Waheed, W (2009). The relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in low-and-middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research 109, 1523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friis, S, Vaglum, P, Haahr, U, Johannessen, JO, Larsen, TK, Melle, I, Opjordsmoen, S, Rund, BR, Simonsen, E, McGlashan, TH (2005). Effect of an early detection programme on duration of untreated psychosis: part of the Scandinavian TIPS study. British Journal of Psychiatry 187, s2932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gafoor, R, Craig, T, Garety, P, Power, P, McGuire, P (2008). Do the benefits of early intervention (EI) treatments persist? 5-year follow-up. Schizophrenia Research 98, 8388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garety, PA, Craig, TK, Dunn, G, Fornells-Ambrojo, M, Colbert, S, Rahaman, N, Read, J, Power, P (2006). Specialised care for early psychosis: symptoms, social functioning and patient satisfaction: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 188, 3745.Google Scholar
Garety, PA, Rigg, A (2001). Early psychosis in the inner city: a survey to inform service planning. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 36, 537544.Google Scholar
Hafner, H (2000). Onset and early course as determinants of the further course of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102 (Suppl. 407), s4448.Google Scholar
Hanssen, M, Bak, M, Bijl, R, Vollebergh, W, van Os, J (2005). The incidence and outcome of subclinical psychotic experiences in the general population. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 44, 181191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, MC, Burgess, PM, Chant, DC, Pirkis, JE, McGorry, PD (2008). Impact of a specialized early psychosis treatment programme on suicide. Retrospective cohort study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2, 1121.Google Scholar
Harvey, PO, Lepage, M, Malla, A (2007). Benefits of enriched intervention compared with standard care for patients with recent-onset psychosis: a metaanalytic approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 52, 464472.Google Scholar
Insel, TR (2009). Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: a strategic plan for research on mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 66, 128133.Google Scholar
International Early Psychosis Association Writing Group (2005). International clinical guidelines for early psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 187 (Suppl. 48), s120124.Google Scholar
Killackey, E, Jackson, HJ, McGorry, PD (2008). Vocational intervention in first-episode psychosis: individual placement and support v. treatment as usual. British Journal of Psychiatry 193, 114120.Google Scholar
Lester, H, Birchwood, M, Bryan, S, England, E, Rogers, H, Sirvastava, N (2009). Development and implementation of early intervention services for young people with psychosis: case study. British Journal of Psychiatry 194, 446450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, JA, Fenton, WS (2000). Delayed detection of psychosis: causes, consequences, and effect on public health. American Journal of Psychiatry 157, 17271730.Google Scholar
Marshall, M, Lewis, S, Lockwood, A, Drake, R, Jones, P, Croudace, T (2005). Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 975983.Google Scholar
McGlashan, TH, Addington, J, Cannon, T, Heinimaa, M, McGorry, P, O'Brien, M, Penn, D, Perkins, D, Salokangas, RK, Walsh, B, Woods, SW, Yung, A (2007). Recruitment and treatment practices for help-seeking ‘prodromal’ patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin 33, 715726.Google Scholar
McGorry, PD, Hickie, IB, Yung, AR, Pantelis, C, Jackson, HJ (2006). Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, 616622.Google Scholar
McGorry, PD, Killackey, E, Yung, A (2008). Early intervention in psychosis: concepts, evidence and future directions. World Psychiatry 7, 148156.Google Scholar
McGorry, PD, Purcell, R, Hickie, IB, Jorm, AF (2007). Investing in youth mental health is a best buy. Medical Journal of Australia 187 (Suppl. 7), s5.Google Scholar
Melle, I, Larsen, TK, Friis, S, Vaglum, P, Johannesen, JO, Simonsen, E, Haahr, U, Opjordsmoen, S, Rund, BR, Rossberg, JI, Joa, I, Hegelstad, W, Langeveld, H, Evensen, J, McGlashan, T (2009). Early detection of first psychosis: TIPS sample five year outcomes. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35 (Suppl. 1), s330.Google Scholar
Melle, I, Larsen, TK, Haahr, U, Friis, S, Johannessen, JO, Opjordsmoen, S, Simonsen, E, Rund, BR, Vaglum, P, McGlashan, T (2004). Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: effects on clinical presentation. Archives of General Psychiatry 61, 143150.Google Scholar
Mihalopoulos, C, Harris, M, Henry, L, Harrigan, S, McGorry, P (2009). Is early intervention in psychosis cost-effective over the long term? Schizophrenia Bulletin 5, 909918.Google Scholar
National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2008). A Healthier Future for All Australians: Interim Report, December 2008. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia: Canberra.Google Scholar
Norman, RM, Malla, AK (2001). Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychological Medicine 31, 381400.Google Scholar
Norman, RM, Malla, AK, Verdi, MB, Hassall, LD, Fazekas, C (2004). Understanding delay in treatment for first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine 34, 255266.Google Scholar
Olsen, KA, Rosenbaum, B (2006). Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: review of studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 113, 247272.Google Scholar
Perkins, DO, Gu, H, Boteva, K, Lieberman, JA (2005). Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 162, 17851804.Google Scholar
Petersen, L, Jeppesen, P, Thorup, A, Abel, MB, Ohlenschlaeger, J, Christensen, TO, Krarup, G, Jorgensen, P, Nordentoft, M (2005). A randomised multicentre trial of integrated versus standard treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness. British Medical Journal 331, 602.Google Scholar
Phillips, L, Yung, AR, Hearn, N, McFarlane, C, Hallgren, M, McGorry, PD (1999). Preventative mental health care: accessing the target population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, 912917.Google Scholar
Prince, M, Patel, V, Saxena, S, Maj, M, Maselko, J, Phillips, MR, Rahman, A (2007). No health without mental health. Lancet 370, 859877.Google Scholar
Rethink (2003). Right from the Start: The Second Rethink Report on Reaching People Early. Rethink: London.Google Scholar
Schimmelmann, BG, Conus, P, Schacht, M, McGorry, P, Lambert, M (2006). Predictors of service disengagement in first-admitted adolescents with psychosis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 45, 990999.Google Scholar
Scott, J, Chant, D, Andrews, G, McGrath, J (2006). Psychotic-like experiences in the general community: the correlates of CIDI psychosis screen items in an Australian sample. Psychological Medicine 36, 231238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Os, J, Hanssen, M, Bijl, RV, Vollebergh, W (2001). Prevalence of psychotic disorder and community level of psychotic symptoms: an urban–rural comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 663668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Os, J, Linscott, RJ, Myin-Germeys, I, Delespaul, P, Krabbendam, L (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine 39, 179195.Google Scholar
Yung, AR, McGorry, PD (1996). The initial prodrome in psychosis: descriptive and qualitative aspects. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, 587599.Google Scholar
Yung, AR, Nelson, B, Baker, K, Buckby, JA, Baksheev, G, Cosgrave, EM (2009). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of adolescents: implications for the continuum model of psychosis and prediction of schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, 118128.Google Scholar
Yung, AR, Phillips, LJ, Yuen, HP, Francey, SM, McFarlane, CA, Hallgren, M, McGorry, PD (2003). Psychosis prediction: 12-month follow up of a high-risk (‘prodromal’) group. Schizophrenia Research 60, 2132.Google Scholar
Yung, AR, Phillips, LJ, Yuen, HP, McGorry, PD (2004). Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophrenia Research 67, 131142.Google Scholar