Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T09:04:18.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

J. Stirling ,
D. Tantam ,
P. Thomas ,
D. Newby ,
L. Montague ,
N. Ring  and
S. Rowe
J. Stirling*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
D. Tantam
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
P. Thomas
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
D. Newby
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
L. Montague
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
N. Ring
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
S. Rowe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University; Department of Psychology, Warwick University, Coventry; Mental Health Office, Bron Y Garth Hospital, Penrhyndrearth, Gwynedd; High Royds Hospital, Ilkley, West Yorkshire; Trafford General Hospital, Manchester; Department of Psychiatry, Withington Hospital, Manchester; and Learning Disabilities Directorate, Liverpool
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr John Stirling, Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Elizabeth Gaskell Building, Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Key relatives of 30 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly with a diagnosis of schizophrenia) were interviewed (for a second time) 18 months after participating in an initial assessment of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up throughout the interim period, during which time 17 experienced a psychotic relapse. Although there continued to be a negligible association between initial EE rating (established during the index admission) and relapse, a significant association between EE rating at 18 months and psychiatric status of the patient during the follow-up period emerged. Results are discussed in the context of recent interactional theories of the relationship between household EE and psychiatric morbidity.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , August 1993 , pp. 771 - 778
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreasen, N. C. (1981). Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. (SANS). University of Iowa: Iowa City.Google Scholar
Bellack, A. S., Muesser, K. T., Wade, J., Sayers, S. & Morrison, R. L. (1992). The ability of schizophrenics to perceive and cope with negative affect. British Journal of Psychiatry 160, 473–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birchwood, M. (1992) Family factors in psychiatry. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 5, 295–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T. & Wing, J. K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 241–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon-Spoor, H. E., Potkin, S. G. & Wyatt, R. J. (1982). Measurement of pre-morbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 6, 470–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulz, R. & Hand, I. (1986). Short-term relapse in young schizophrenics: can it be predicted and affected by family (CFI), patient and treatment variables? An experimental study. In Treatment of Schizophrenia: Family Assessment and Intervention (ed. Goldstein, M. J., Hand, I. & Hahlweg, K.), pp. 59–75. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. J., Miklowitz, D. J., Strachan, A. M., Doane, J. A., Nuechterlein, K. H. & Feingold, D. (1989). Patterns of expressed emotion and patient coping styles that characterize the families of recent onset schizophrenics. British Journal of Psychiatry 155, suppl. 5, 107–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogarty, G. E., Anderson, C. N., Reiss, D. J., Kornblith, S. J., Greenwald, D. P., Javna, C. D., Madonia, M. J. and the EPICS Schizophrenia Research Group (1986). Family psycho-education, social skills training, and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment of schizophrenia. 1. One-year effects of a controlled study on relapse and expressed emotion. Archives of General Psychiatry 43, 633–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavanagh, D. J. (1992). Recent developments in expressed emotion and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 160, 601–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krawiecka, M., Goldberg, D. P. & Vaughn, K. (1977). Standardised psychiatric assessment for rating chronic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 55, 299–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leff, J. P., Kuipers, L., Berkovitz, R., Eberlein-Fries, R. & Sturgeon, D. (1982). A controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 141, 121–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J. P., Berkowitz, R., Shavit, N., Strachan, A., Glass, I. & Vaughn, C. (1989). A trial of family therapy v. a relatives' group for schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, 58–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leff, J. P., Wig, N. N., Bedi, H., Menon, D. K., Kuipers, L., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Day, R., Sartorius, N. & Jablensky, A. (1990). Relatives' expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh: a two-year follow up of a first contact sample. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 351–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miklowitz, D. J., Goldstein, M. J., Doane, J. A., Nuechterlein, K. H., Strachan, A. M., Snyder, K. S. & Magano Amato, A. (1989). Is expressed emotion an index of transactional process? I. Parents' affecting style. Family Proceedings 28, 153–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montague, L. R., Tantam, D., Newby, D., Thomas, P. & Ring, N. (1989). The incidence of negative symptoms in early schizophrenia, mania, and other psychoses. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 79, 613–618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria: rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 773–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stirling, J., Tantam, D., Thomas, P., Newby, D., Montague, L., Ring, N. & Rowe, S. (1991). Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one-year follow-up. Psychological Medicine 21, 675–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strachan, A. M., Feingold, D., Goldstein, M. J., Miklowitz, D. J. & Nuechterlein, K. H. (1989). Is expressed emotion an index of transcriptional process? 2. Patients' coping style. Family Proceedings 28, 169–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrier, N. (1991). Family factors in psychiatry. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 4, 320–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., Vaughn, C. E., Bamrah, J. S., Porceddu, K., Watts, S. & Freeman, H. (1988). The community management of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 153, 532–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tress, K. H., Bellenis, C., Brownlow, J. M. & Livingston, G. (1987). The Present State Examination change rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry 150, 323–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, C. E. (1986). Comment on chapter five. In Treatment of Schizophrenia: Family Assessment and Intervention (ed. Goldstein, M. J., Hand, I. & Hahlweg, K.), pp. 76–77. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.Google Scholar
Vaughn, C. E. (1989). Expressed emotion in family relationships. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30, 13–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, C. E. & Leff, J. (1976). The measurement of expressed emotion in families of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 15, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J. L., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: an Instruction Manual for the PSE and CATEGO System. Cambridge University Press: London.Google Scholar