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The expression of positive and negative schizotypy in daily life: an experience sampling study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2012

T. R. Kwapil ,
L. H. Brown ,
P. J. Silvia ,
I. Myin-Germeys  and
N. Barrantes-Vidal
T. R. Kwapil*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
L. H. Brown
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
P. J. Silvia
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
I. Myin-Germeys
Affiliation:
Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
N. Barrantes-Vidal
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Sant Pere Claver – Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
*
*Address for correspondence: T. R. Kwapil, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. (Email: t_kwapil@uncg.edu)
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Abstract

Background

Psychometrically identified positive schizotypy and negative schizotypy are differentially related to psychopathology, personality and social functioning. However, little is known about the experience and expression of schizotypy in daily life and the psychological mechanisms that trigger psychotic-like experiences.

Method

The present study employed experience sampling methodology (ESM) to assess positive and negative schizotypy in daily life in a non-clinical sample of 412 young adults. ESM is a structured diary technique in which participants are prompted at random times during the day to complete assessments of their current experiences.

Results

As hypothesized, positive schizotypy was associated with increased negative affect, thought impairment, suspiciousness, negative beliefs about current activities and feelings of rejection, but not with social disinterest or decreased positive affect. Negative schizotypy, on the other hand, was associated with decreased positive affect and pleasure in daily life, increased negative affect, and decreases in social contact and interest. Both positive schizotypy and negative schizotypy were associated with the desire to be alone when with others. However, this was moderated by anxiety in positive schizotypy and by diminished positive affect in negative schizotypy.

Conclusions

The results support the construct validity of a multidimensional model of schizotypy and the ecological validity of the positive and negative schizotypy dimensions. ESM appears to be a promising method for examining the daily life experiences of schizotypic individuals.

Keywords

Ecological validityexperience sampling methodologyhierarchical linear modelingschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 12 , December 2012 , pp. 2555 - 2566
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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