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Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stress-related psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2017

Jamie L. Hanson ,
Annchen R. Knodt ,
Bartholomew D. Brigidi  and
Ahmad R. Hariri
Jamie L. Hanson*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Annchen R. Knodt
Affiliation:
Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Bartholomew D. Brigidi
Affiliation:
Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Ahmad R. Hariri
Affiliation:
Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jamie Hanson, E-mail: jamie.hanson@pitt.edu
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Abstract

Background

The experience of childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of depression. This risk is particularly heightened after exposure to additional, more contemporaneous stress. While behavioral evidence exists for this relation, little is known about biological correlates of these stress interactions. Identifying such correlates may provide biomarkers of risk for later depression.

Methods

Here, we leverage behavioral, experiential, and neuroimaging data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study to identify potential biomarkers of stress exposure. Based on the past research, we were specifically interested in reward-related connectivity and the interaction of early and more recent stress. We examined psychophysiological interactions between the ventral striatum and other brain regions in relation to these stress variables, as well as measures of internalizing symptomatology (n = 926, participant age range = 18–22 years of age).

Results

We found relatively increased reward-related functional connectivity between the left ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex in individuals exposed to greater levels of childhood maltreatment who also experienced greater levels of recent life stress (β = 0.199, p < 0.005). This pattern of functional connectivity was further associated with elevated symptoms of depression (β = 0.089, p = 0.006). Furthermore, using a moderated mediation framework, we demonstrate that this functional connectivity provides a biological link between cumulative stress exposure and internalizing symptomatology.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a novel biomarker linking cumulative stress exposure with the later experience of depressive symptoms. Our results are discussed in the context of past research examining stress exposure in relation to depression.

Keywords

child maltreatmentstressearly adversityrewardventral striatummedial prefrontal cortex
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 48 , Issue 11 , August 2018 , pp. 1835 - 1843
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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