Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:01:06.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increased amygdala-visual cortex connectivity in youth with persecutory ideation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2019

Stephanie N. DeCross Open the ORCID record for Stephanie N. DeCross [Opens in a new window] ,
Amy H. Farabaugh ,
Avram J. Holmes ,
Maeve Ward ,
Emily A. Boeke ,
Rick P. F. Wolthusen ,
Garth Coombs III ,
Maren Nyer ,
Maurizio Fava  and
Randy L. Buckner
...Show all authors
Stephanie N. DeCross
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Amy H. Farabaugh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Avram J. Holmes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Maeve Ward
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Emily A. Boeke
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Rick P. F. Wolthusen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Garth Coombs III
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Maren Nyer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Maurizio Fava
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Randy L. Buckner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Daphne J. Holt*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Daphne J. Holt, E-mail: dholt@mgh.harvard.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Subclinical delusional ideas, including persecutory beliefs, in otherwise healthy individuals are heritable symptoms associated with increased risk for psychotic illness, possibly representing an expression of one end of a continuum of psychosis severity. The identification of variation in brain function associated with these symptoms may provide insights about the neurobiology of delusions in clinical psychosis.

Methods

A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected from 131 young adults with a wide range of severity of subclinical delusional beliefs, including persecutory ideas. Because of evidence for a key role of the amygdala in fear and paranoia, resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala was measured.

Results

Connectivity between the amygdala and early visual cortical areas, including striate cortex (V1), was found to be significantly greater in participants with high (n = 43) v. low (n = 44) numbers of delusional beliefs, particularly in those who showed persistence of those beliefs. Similarly, across the full sample, the number of and distress associated with delusional beliefs were positively correlated with the strength of amygdala-visual cortex connectivity. Moreover, further analyses revealed that these effects were driven by those who endorsed persecutory beliefs.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aberrant assignments of threat to sensory stimuli may lead to the downstream development of delusional ideas. Taken together with prior findings of disrupted sensory-limbic coupling in psychosis, these results suggest that altered amygdala-visual cortex connectivity could represent a marker of psychosis-related pathophysiology across a continuum of symptom severity.

Keywords

AmygdalafMRIpersecutory ideationresting-state functional connectivitysubclinical delusionsvisual cortex
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , January 2020 , pp. 273 - 283
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amaral, DG, Behniea, H and Kelly, JL (2003) Topographic organization of projections from the amygdala to the visual cortex in the macaque monkey. Neuroscience 118, 1099–1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anticevic, A, Repovs, G and Barch, DM (2011) Emotion effects on attention, amygdala activation, and functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 967–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anticevic, A, Van Snellenberg, JX, Cohen, RE, Repovs, G, Dowd, EC and Barch, DM (2012) Amygdala recruitment in schizophrenia in response to aversive emotional material: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 608–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anticevic, A, Tang, Y, Cho, YT, Repovs, G, Cole, MW, Savic, A, Wang, F, Krystal, JH and Xu, K (2014) Amygdala connectivity differs among chronic, early course, and individuals at risk for developing schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 1105–1116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, AT, Ward, CH, Mendelson, MM, Mock, JJ and Erbaugh, JJ (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 4, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bentall, R and Slade, PD (1985) Reliability of a scale measuring disposition towards hallucination: a brief report. Personality and Individual Differences 6, 527–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentall, RP, Rowse, G, Shryane, N, Kinderman, P, Howard, R, Blackwood, N, Moore, R and Corcoran, R (2009) The cognitive and affective structure of paranoid delusions: a transdiagnostic investigation of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 66, 236–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckner, RL, Andrews-Hanna, JR and Schacter, DL (2008) The brain's default network. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1124, 1–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckner, RL, Sepulcre, J, Talukdar, T, Krienen, FM, Liu, H, Hedden, T, Andrews-Hanna, JR, Sperling, RA and Johnson, KA (2009) Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 29, 1860–1873.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calkins, ME, Moore, TM, Merikangas, KR, Burstein, M, Satterthwaite, TD, Bilker, WB, Ruparel, K, Chiavacci, R, Wolf, DH, Mentch, F, Qiu, H, Connolly, JJ, Sleiman, PA, Hakonarson, H, Gur, RC and Gur, RE (2014) The psychosis spectrum in a young U.S. community sample: findings from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. World Psychiatry 13, 296–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannon, TD, Mednick, SA and Parnas, J (1990) Antecedents of predominantly negative-and predominantly positive-symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 622–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon, TD, Yu, C, Addington, J, Bearden, CE, Cadenhead, KS, Cornblatt, BA, Heinssen, R, Jeffries, CD, Mathalon, DH, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Woods, SW and Kattan, MW (2016) An individualized risk calculator for research in prodromal psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 173, 980–988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, H, Bertolino, A, Walter, H, Schneider, M, Schafer, A, Taurisano, P, Blasi, G, Haddad, L, Grimm, O, Otto, K, Dixson, L, Erk, S, Mohnke, S, Heinz, A, Romanczuk-Seiferth, N, Muhleisen, TW, Mattheisen, M, Witt, SH, Cichon, S, Noethen, M, Rietschel, M, Tost, H and Meyer-Lindenberg, A (2016) Altered functional subnetwork during emotional face processing: a potential intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 73, 598–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capra, C, Kavanagh, DJ, Hides, L and Scott, J (2013) Brief screening for psychosis-like experiences. Schizophrenia Research 149, 104–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cella, M, Cooper, A, Dymond, SO and Reed, P (2008) The relationship between dysphoria and proneness to hallucination and delusions among young adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry 49, 544–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coombs, G III, Loggia, ML, Greve, DN and Holt, DJ (2014) Amygdala perfusion is predicted by its functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and negative affect. PLOS ONE 9, e97466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cougnard, A, Marcelis, M, Myin-Germeys, I, De Graaf, R, Vollebergh, W, Krabbendam, L, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU, Henquet, C, Spauwen, J and Van Os, J (2007) Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness-persistence model. Psychological Medicine 37, 513–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cullen, KR, Westlund, MK, Klimes-Dougan, B, Mueller, BA, Houri, A, Eberly, LE and Lim, KO (2014) Abnormal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in adolescent depression. JAMA Psychiatry 71, 1138–1147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutting, J (1997) Principles of Psychopathology: Two Worlds, two Minds, two Hemispheres. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Das, P, Kemp, AH, Flynn, G, Harris, AW, Liddell, BJ, Whitford, TJ, Peduto, A, Gordon, E and Williams, LM (2007) Functional disconnections in the direct and indirect amygdala pathways for fear processing in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 90, 284–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, MR, Nearing, KI, Ledoux, JE and Phelps, EA (2008) Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction. Neuron 59, 829–838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demjaha, A, Valmaggia, L, Stahl, D, Byrne, M and McGuire, P (2010) Disorganization/cognitive and negative symptom dimensions in the at-risk mental state predict subsequent transition to psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 351–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dominguez, MD, Wichers, M, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2011) Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: an 8-year cohort study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 84–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farabaugh, A, Bitran, S, Nyer, M, Holt, DJ, Pedrelli, P, Shyu, I, Hollon, SD, Zisook, S, Baer, L, Busse, W, Petersen, TJ, Pender, M, Tucker, DD and Fava, M (2012) Depression and suicidal ideation in college students. Psychopathology 45, 228–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, JM, Palzes, VA, Roach, BJ, Potkin, SG, van Erp, TG, Turner, JA, Mueller, BA, Calhoun, VD, Voyvodic, J, Belger, A, Bustillo, J, Vaidya, JG, Preda, A, McEwen, SC, Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network and Mathalon, DH (2015) Visual hallucinations are associated with hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and visual cortex in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 41, 223–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, MD, Zhang, D, Snyder, AZ and Raichle, ME (2009) The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks. Journal of Neurophysiology 101, 3270–3283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, D (2006) Delusions in the nonclinical population. Current Psychiatry Reports 8, 191–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, D (2007) Suspicious minds: the psychology of persecutory delusions. Clinical Psychology Review 27, 425–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, D, Garety, PA, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D and Bebbington, PE (2002) A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 41, 331–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freese, JL and Amaral, DG (2005) The organization of projections from the amygdala to visual cortical areas TE and V1 in the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 486, 295–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, KJ and Frith, CD (1995) Schizophrenia: a disconnection syndrome? Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 3, 89–97.Google ScholarPubMed
Fusar-Poli, P, McGuire, P and Borgwardt, S (2012) Mapping prodromal psychosis: a critical review of neuroimaging studies. European Psychiatry 27, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gur, RE, McGrath, C, Chan, RM, Schroeder, L, Turner, T, Turetsky, BI, Kohler, C, Alsop, D, Maldjian, J, Ragland, JD and Gur, RC (2002) An fMRI study of facial emotion processing in patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 1992–1999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, B-C, Nopoulos, P, Flaum, M, Arndt, S and Andreasen, NC (1998) Two-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: predictive value of symptoms for quality of life. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 1196–1201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, AJ, Hollinshead, MO, O'Keefe, TM, Petrov, VI, Fariello, GR, Wald, LL, Fischl, B, Rosen, BR, Mair, RW, Roffman, JL, Smoller, JW and Buckner, RL (2015) Brain Genomics Superstruct Project initial data release with structural, functional, and behavioral measures. Scientific Data 2, 150031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holt, DJ, Kunkel, L, Weiss, AP, Goff, DC, Wright, CI, Shin, LM, Rauch, SL, Hootnick, J and Heckers, S (2006) Increased medial temporal lobe activation during the passive viewing of emotional and neutral facial expressions in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 82, 153–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwai, E and Yukie, M (1987) Amygdalofugal and amygdalopetal connections with modality-specific visual cortical areas in macaques (Macaca fuscata, M. mulatta, and M. fasicularis). Journal of Comparative Neurology 261, 362–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Javitt, DC (2009) When doors of perception close: bottom-up models of disrupted cognition in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5, 249–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapur, S (2003) Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 13–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsgodt, KH, Sun, D and Cannon, TD (2010) Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science 19, 226–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaymaz, N, Drukker, M, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU, Werbeloff, N, Weiser, M, Lataster, T and van Os, J (2012) Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-help-seeking population-based samples? A systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with new results. Psychological Medicine 42, 2239–2253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelleher, I and Cannon, M (2011) Psychotic-like experiences in the general population: characterizing a high-risk group for psychosis. Psychological Medicine 41, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelleher, I, Connor, D, Clarke, MC, Devlin, N, Harley, M and Cannon, M (2012) Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Psychological Medicine 42, 1857–1863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, Y, Chang, JS, Hwang, S, Yi, JS, Cho, IH, Jung, HY (2013) Psychometric properties of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory-21 in adolescence. Psychiatry Research 207, 189–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosaka, H, Omori, M, Murata, T, Iidaka, T, Yamada, H, Okada, T, Takahashi, T, Sadato, N, Itoh, H, Yonekura, Y and Wada, Y (2002) Differential amygdala response during facial recognition in patients with schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Schizophrenia Research 57, 87–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraehenmann, R, Schmidt, A, Friston, K, Preller, KH, Seifritz, E and Vollenweider, FX (2016) The mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat-induced modulation of amygdala connectivity. NeuroImage: Clinical 11, 53–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeDoux, J (2003) The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 23, 727–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, TS (2002) Top-down influence in early visual processing: a Bayesian perspective. Physiology & Behavior 77, 645–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liang, M, Zhou, Y, Jiang, T, Liu, Z, Tian, L, Liu, H and Hao, Y (2006) Widespread functional disconnectivity in schizophrenia with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroReport 17, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linscott, RJ and van Os, J (2013) An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine 43, 1133–1149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maher, B (2005) Delusional thinking and cognitive disorder. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 40, 136–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, M, Lewis, S, Lockwood, A, Drake, R, Jones, P and Croudace, T (2005) Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 975–983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menon, V, Anagnoson, R, Mathalon, D, Glover, G and Pfefferbaum, A (2001) Functional neuroanatomy of auditory working memory in schizophrenia: relation to positive and negative symptoms. NeuroImage 13, 433–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, K, Birn, RM, Handwerker, DA, Jones, TB and Bandettini, PA (2009) The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: are anti-correlated networks introduced? NeuroImage 44, 893–905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyer, M, Farabaugh, A, Fehling, K, Soskin, D, Holt, D, Papakostas, GI, Pedrelli, P, Fava, M, Pisoni, A, Vitolo, O and Mischoulon, D (2013) Relationship between sleep disturbance and depression, anxiety, and functioning in college students. Depression and Anxiety 30, 873–880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, ER, Joseph, SA, Garety, PA (1999) Measurement of delusional ideation in the normal population: introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory). Schizophrenia Bulletin 25, 553–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, ER, Joseph, SA, Day, S, Garety, PA (2004) Measuring delusional ideation: the 21-item Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). Schizophrenia Bulletin 30, 1005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, EA (2006) Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the human amygdala. Annual Review of Psychology 57, 27–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinkham, AE, Liu, P, Lu, H, Kriegsman, M, Simpson, C and Tamminga, C (2015) Amygdala hyperactivity at rest in paranoid individuals with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 172, 784–792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinkham, AE, Harvey, PD and Penn, DL (2016) Paranoid individuals with schizophrenia show greater social cognitive bias and worse social functioning than non-paranoid individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition 3, 33–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulton, R, Caspi, A, Moffitt, TE, Cannon, M, Murray, R and Harrington, H (2000) Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: a 15-year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 1053–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preti, A, Bonventre, E, Ledda, V, Petretto, DR and Masala, C (2007a) Hallucinatory experiences, delusional thought proneness, and psychological distress in a nonclinical population. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195, 484–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preti, A, Rocchi, MB, Sisti, D, Mura, T, Manca, S, Siddi, S, Petretto, DR, Masala, C (2007b) The psychometric discriminative properties of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 48, 62–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasetti, R, Mattay, VS, Wiedholz, LM, Kolachana, BS, Hariri, AR, Callicott, JH, Meyer-Lindenberg, A and Weinberger, DR (2009) Evidence that altered amygdala activity in schizophrenia is related to clinical state and not genetic risk. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 216–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronald, A, Sieradzka, D, Cardno, AG, Haworth, CM, McGuire, P and Freeman, D (2014) Characterization of psychotic experiences in adolescence using the specific psychotic experiences questionnaire: findings from a study of 5000 16-year-old twins. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 868–877.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, AK, Shehzad, Z, Margulies, DS, Kelly, AC, Uddin, LQ, Gotimer, K, Biswal, BB, Castellanos, FX and Milham, MP (2009) Functional connectivity of the human amygdala using resting state fMRI. NeuroImage 45, 614–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruhrmann, S, Schultze-Lutter, F, Salokangas, RK, Heinimaa, M, Linszen, D, Dingemans, P, Birchwood, M, Patterson, P, Juckel, G and Heinz, A (2010) Prediction of psychosis in adolescents and young adults at high risk: results from the prospective European prediction of psychosis study. Archives of General Psychiatry 67, 241–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, TA, Reynaud, E, Kucharska-Pietura, K, Ecker, C, Benson, PJ, Zelaya, F, Giampietro, V, Brammer, M, David, A and Phillips, ML (2007) Neural responses to dynamic expressions of fear in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 45, 107–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarpal, DK, Robinson, DG, Lencz, T, Argyelan, M, Ikuta, T, Karlsgodt, K, Gallego, JA, Kane, JM, Szeszko, PR and Malhotra, AK (2015) Antipsychotic treatment and functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 72, 5–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satterthwaite, TD, Vandekar, SN, Wolf, DH, Bassett, DS, Ruparel, K, Shehzad, Z, Craddock, RC, Shinohara, RT, Moore, TM, Gennatas, ED, Jackson, C, Roalf, DR, Milham, MP, Calkins, ME, Hakonarson, H, Gur, RC and Gur, RE (2015) Connectome-wide network analysis of youth with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Molecular Psychiatry 20, 1508–1515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, A, Smieskova, R, Aston, J, Simon, A, Allen, P, Fusar-Poli, P, McGuire, PK, Riecher-Rössler, A, Stephan, KE and Borgwardt, S (2013) Brain connectivity abnormalities predating the onset of psychosis: correlation with the effect of medication. JAMA Psychiatry 70, 903–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, F, Weiss, U, Kessler, C, Salloum, JB, Posse, S, Grodd, W and Muller-Gartner, HW (1998) Differential amygdala activation in schizophrenia during sadness. Schizophrenia Research 34, 133–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J, Welham, J, Martin, G, Bor, W, Najman, J, O'Callaghan, M, Williams, G, Aird, R and McGrath, J (2008) Demographic correlates of psychotic-like experiences in young Australian adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 118, 230–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J, Martin, G, Welham, J, Bor, W, Najman, J, O'Callaghan, M, Williams, G, Aird, R and McGrath, J (2009) Psychopathology during childhood and adolescence predicts delusional-like experiences in adults: a 21-year birth cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 567–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaffer, JJ, Peterson, MJ, McMahon, MA, Bizzell, J, Calhoun, V, van Erp, TG, Ford, JM, Lauriello, J, Lim, KO and Manoach, DS (2015) Neural correlates of schizophrenia negative symptoms: distinct subtypes impact dissociable brain circuits. Molecular Neuropsychiatry 1, 191–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sisti, D, Rocchi, MBL, Siddi, S, Mura, T, Manca, S, Preti, A and Petretto, DR (2012) Preoccupation and distress are relevant dimensions in delusional beliefs. Comprehensive Psychiatry 53, 1039–1043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spielberger, CD, Gorsuch, RL and Lushene, RE (1970) Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Stephan, K, Magnotta, V, White, T, Arndt, S, Flaum, M, O'leary, D and Andreasen, N (2001) Effects of olanzapine on cerebellar functional connectivity in schizophrenia measured by fMRI during a simple motor task. Psychological Medicine 31, 1065–1078.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephan, KE, Friston, KJ and Frith, CD (2009) Dysconnection in schizophrenia: from abnormal synaptic plasticity to failures of self-monitoring. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35, 509–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarbox, SI, Addington, J, Cadenhead, KS, Cannon, TD, Cornblatt, BA, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, MT, Walker, EF, Heinssen, R, McGlashan, TH and Woods, SW (2013) Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths. Development and Psychopathology 25, 1171–1186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, SF, Phan, KL, Britton, JC and Liberzon, I (2005) Neural response to emotional salience in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 30, 984–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tigges, J, Walker, LC and Tigges, M (1983) Subcortical projections to the occipital and parietal lobes of the chimpanzee brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology 220, 106–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ungerleider, LG and Haxby, JV (1994) ‘What’ and ‘where’ in the human brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 4, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Dijk, KR, Hedden, T, Venkataraman, A, Evans, KC, Lazar, SW and Buckner, RL (2009) Intrinsic functional connectivity as a tool for human connectomics: theory, properties, and optimization. Journal of Neurophysiology 103, 297–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dijk, KRA, Sabuncu, MR and Buckner, RL (2012) The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. NeuroImage 59, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J and Linscott, RJ (2012) Introduction: the extended psychosis phenotype – relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 227–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Os, J, Verdoux, H, Maurice-Tison, S, Gay, B, Liraud, F, Salamon, R and Bourgeois, M (1999) Self-reported psychosis-like symptoms and the continuum of psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 34, 459–463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J, Linscott, RJ, Myin-Germeys, I, Delespaul, P and Krabbendam, L (2009) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine 39, 179–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varghese, D, Scott, J and McGrath, J (2008) Correlates of delusion-like experiences in a non-psychotic community sample. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, 505–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdoux, H, Maurice-Tison, S, Gay, B, Van Os, J, Salamon, R and Bourgeois, M (1998a) A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients. Psychological Medicine 28, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdoux, H, Van Os, J, Maurice-Tison, S, Gay, B, Salamon, R and Bourgeois, M (1998b) Is early adulthood a critical developmental stage for psychosis proneness? A survey of delusional ideation in normal subjects. Schizophrenia Research 29, 247–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdoux, H, van Os, J, Maurice-Tison, S, Gay, B, Salamon, R and Bourgeois, ML (1999) Increased occurrence of depression in psychosis-prone subjects: a follow-up study in primary care settings. Comprehensive Psychiatry 40, 462–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vuilleumier, P, Richardson, MP, Armony, JL, Driver, J and Dolan, RJ (2004) Distant influences of amygdala lesion on visual cortical activation during emotional face processing. Nature Neuroscience 7, 1271–1278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitfield-Gabrieli, S and Ford, JM (2012) Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 8, 49–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wigman, JT, Vollebergh, WA, Raaijmakers, QA, Iedema, J, van Dorsselaer, S, Ormel, J, Verhulst, FC and van Os, J (2011) The structure of the extended psychosis phenotype in early adolescence – a cross-sample replication. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 850–860.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, LM, Das, P, Harris, AW, Liddell, BB, Brammer, MJ, Olivieri, G, Skerrett, D, Phillips, ML, David, AS, Peduto, A and Gordon, E (2004) Dysregulation of arousal and amygdala-prefrontal systems in paranoid schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 161, 480–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf, DH, Satterthwaite, TD, Calkins, ME, Ruparel, K, Elliott, MA, Hopson, RD, Jackson, CT, Prabhakaran, K, Bilker, WB, Hakonarson, H, Gur, RC and Gur, RE (2015) Functional neuroimaging abnormalities in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry 72, 456–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeo, BTT, Krienen, FM, Sepulcre, J, Sabuncu, MR, Lashkari, D, Hollinshead, M, Roffman, JL, Smoller, JW, Zöllei, L, Polimeni, JR, Fischl, B, Liu, H and Buckner, RL (2011) The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of Neurophysiology 106, 1125–1165.Google ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Phillips, LJ, Yuen, HP, Francey, SM, McFarlane, CA, Hallgren, M and McGorry, PD (2003) Psychosis prediction: 12-month follow up of a high-risk (‘prodromal’) group. Schizophrenia Research 60, 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yung, AR, Nelson, B, Baker, K, Buckby, JA, Baksheev, G and Cosgrave, EM (2009) Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of adolescents: implications for the continuum model of psychosis and prediction of schizophrenia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, 118–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zavos, HM, Freeman, D, Haworth, CM, McGuire, P, Plomin, R, Cardno, AG and Ronald, A (2014) Consistent etiology of severe, frequent psychotic experiences and milder, less frequent manifestations: a twin study of specific psychotic experiences in adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry 71, 1049–1057.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

DeCross et al. supplementary material

DeCross et al. supplementary material 1

Download DeCross et al. supplementary material(File)
File 8 MB