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Longitudinal associations between depressive and anxiety disorders: a comparison of two trait models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2007

Thomas M. Olino ,
Daniel N. Klein ,
Peter M. Lewinsohn ,
Paul Rohde  and
John R. Seeley
Thomas M. Olino*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
Daniel N. Klein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
Peter M. Lewinsohn
Affiliation:
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
Paul Rohde
Affiliation:
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
John R. Seeley
Affiliation:
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: T. M. Olino, M.A., Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA. (Email: tolino@ms.cc.sunysb.edu)
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Abstract

Background

Depression and anxiety are highly co-morbid disorders. Two latent trait models have been proposed to explain the nature of the relationship between these disorders. The first posits that depressive and anxiety disorders are both manifestations of a single internalizing factor. The second model, based on a tripartite model proposed by Clark & Watson [Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1991) 100, 316–336], proposes that depressive and anxiety disorders reflect a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors.

Method

We directly compared the two models in a sample of 891 individuals from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who participated in up to four diagnostic assessments over approximately 15 years. Structural equation models were used to examine the relationship between depressive and anxiety disorders across different developmental periods (<14, 14–18, 19–23, 24–30 years of age).

Results

The one- and three-factor models were hierarchically related. Thus, a direct comparison between the one- and three-factor models was possible using a χ2 difference test. The result found that the three-factor model fit the data better than the one-factor model.

Conclusions

The three-factor model, positing that depressive and anxiety disorders were caused by a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors, provided a significantly better fit to the data than the one-factor model postulating that a single factor influences the development of both depressive and anxiety disorders.

Keywords

Anxietyco-morbiditydepressioninternalizing psychopathologystructural equation modeling
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , March 2008 , pp. 353 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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Footnotes

Portions of these findings were presented at the Virtual Meeting of the Society for Research in Psychopathology, October 2005. The actual meeting was cancelled due to hurricanes.

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