Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:20:57.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Major depression impairs incentive processing: evidence from the heart and the face

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2018

Jessica Franzen ,
Kerstin Brinkmann ,
Guido H. E. Gendolla  and
Othman Sentissi
Jessica Franzen
Affiliation:
Geneva Motivation Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Kerstin Brinkmann*
Affiliation:
Geneva Motivation Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Guido H. E. Gendolla
Affiliation:
Geneva Motivation Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Othman Sentissi
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
*
Author for correspondence: Kerstin Brinkmann, E-mail: Kerstin.Brinkmann@unige.ch
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The present study tested the hypothesis of a differential pattern of reward and punishment responsiveness in depression measuring effort mobilization during anticipation and facial expressions during consumption.

Methods

Twenty patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 20 control participants worked on a memory task under neutral, reward, and punishment instructions. Effort mobilization was operationalized as cardiovascular reactivity, while facial expressions were measured by facial electromyographic reactivity. Self-report measures for each phase complemented this multi-method approach.

Results

During anticipation, MDD patients showed weaker cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) reactivity to reward and blunted self-reported wanting, but weaker PEP reactivity to punishment and unchanged self-reported avoidance motivation. During consumption, MDD patients showed reduced zygomaticus major muscle reactivity to reward and blunted self-reported liking, but unchanged corrugator supercilii muscle reactivity to punishment and unchanged self-reported disliking.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate reduced effort mobilization during reward and punishment anticipation in depression. Moreover, they show reduced facial expressions during reward consumption and unchanged facial expressions during punishment consumption in depression.

Keywords

Depressioneffort mobilizationfacial expressionsincentive anticipationincentive consumptionpunishmentreward
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 6 , April 2019 , pp. 922 - 930
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

These authors shared first authorship.

References

Abramson, LY, Seligman, MEP and Teasdale, JD (1978) Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87, 49–74.Google Scholar
Beck, AT, Rush, AJ, Shaw, BF and Emery, G (1979) Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Berntson, GG, Lozano, DL, Chen, YJ and Cacioppo, JT (2004) Where to Q in PEP. Psychophysiology 41, 333–337.Google Scholar
Berridge, KC and Kringelbach, ML (2008) Affective neuroscience of pleasure: rewards in humans and animals. Psychopharmacology 199, 457–480.Google Scholar
Berridge, KC and Robinson, TE (2003) Parsing reward. Trends in Neurosciences 28, 507–513.Google Scholar
Bouvard, M and Cottraux, J (2010) Protocoles et échelles D’évaluation en Psychiatrie et Psychologie. Paris, France: Elsevier Masson.Google Scholar
Brehm, JW and Self, EA (1989) The intensity of motivation. Annual Review of Psychology 40, 109–131.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K and Franzen, J (2013) Not everyone's heart contracts to reward: insensitivity to varying levels of reward in dysphoria. Biological Psychology 94, 263–271.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K and Franzen, J (2017) Blunted cardiovascular reactivity during social reward anticipation in subclinical depression. International Journal of Psychophysiology 119, 119–126.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K, Franzen, J, Rossier, C and Gendolla, GHE (2014) I don't care about others’ approval: dysphoric individuals show reduced effort mobilization for obtaining a social reward. Motivation and Emotion 38, 790–801.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K and Gendolla, GHE (2007) Dysphoria and mobilization of mental effort: effects on cardiovascular reactivity. Motivation and Emotion 31, 71–82.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K and Gendolla, GHE (2008) Does depression interfere with effort mobilization? Effects of dysphoria and task difficulty on cardiovascular response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94, 146–157.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, K, Schüpbach, L, Ancel Joye, I and Gendolla, GHE (2009) Anhedonia and effort mobilization in dysphoria: reduced cardiovascular response to reward and punishment. International Journal of Psychophysiology 74, 250–258.Google Scholar
Cacioppo, JT, Petty, RE, Losch, ME and Kim, HS (1986) Electromyographic activity over facial muscle regions can differentiate the valence and intensity of affective reactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 260–268.Google Scholar
Chentsova-Dutton, Y and Hanley, K (2010) The effects of anhedonia and depression on hedonic responses. Psychiatry Research 179, 176–180.Google Scholar
Clark, LA and Watson, D (1991) Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100, 316–336.Google Scholar
Cuijpers, P, van Straten, A and Warmerdam, L (2007) Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 27, 318–326.Google Scholar
Depue, RA and Iacono, WG (1989) Neurobehavioral aspects of affective disorders. Annual Review of Psychology 40, 457–492.Google Scholar
Dichter, GS, Kozink, RV, McClernon, FJ and Smoski, MJ (2012) Remitted major depression is characterized by reward network hyperactivation during reward anticipation and hypoactivation during reward outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorders 136, 1126–1134.Google Scholar
Eshel, N and Roiser, JP (2010) Reward and punishment processing in depression. Biological Psychiatry 68, 118–124.Google Scholar
Faul, F, Erdfelder, E, Lang, AG and Buchner, A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 39, 175–191.Google Scholar
Forbes, EE, Hariri, AR, Martin, SL, Silk, JS, Moyles, DL, Fisher, PM, Brown, SM, Ryan, ND, Birmaher, B, Axelson, DA and Dahl, RE (2009) Altered striatal activation predicting real-world positive affect in adolescent major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 64–73.Google Scholar
Foti, D, Carlson, JM, Sauder, CL and Proudfit, GH (2014) Reward dysfunction in major depression: multimodal neuroimaging evidence for refining the melancholic phenotype. NeuroImage 101, 50–58.Google Scholar
Fowles, DC (1994) A motivational theory of psychopathology. In Spaulding, WD (ed.), Integrative Views of Motivation, Cognition, and Emotion. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. London, UK: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 181–238.Google Scholar
Franzen, J and Brinkmann, K (2015) Blunted cardiovascular reactivity in dysphoria during reward and punishment anticipation. International Journal of Psychophysiology 95, 270–277.Google Scholar
Franzen, J and Brinkmann, K (2016 a) Anhedonic symptoms of depression are linked to reduced motivation to obtain a reward. Motivation and Emotion 40, 300–308.Google Scholar
Franzen, J and Brinkmann, K (2016 b) Wanting and liking in dysphoria: cardiovascular and facial EMG responses during incentive processing. Biological Psychology 121, 19–29.Google Scholar
Fridlund, AJ and Cacioppo, JT (1986) Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology 23, 567–589.Google Scholar
Gard, DE, Gard, MG, Kring, AM and John, OP (2006) Anticipatory and consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: a scale development study. Journal of Research in Personality 40, 1086–1102.Google Scholar
Gendolla, GHE and Wright, RA (2009) Effort. In Sander, D and Scherer, KR (eds), Oxford Companion to the Affective Sciences. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 134–135.Google Scholar
Gotlib, IH, Hamilton, JP, Cooney, RE, Singh, MK, Henry, ML and Joormann, J (2010) Neural processing of reward and loss in girls at risk for major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 67, 380–387.Google Scholar
Gotlib, IH and Joormann, J (2010) Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 6, 285–312.Google Scholar
Jacobson, NS, Martell, CR and Dimidjian, S (2001) Behavioral activation treatment for depression: returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 8, 255–270.Google Scholar
Kelsey, RM, Ornduff, SR and Alpert, BS (2007) Reliability of cardiovascular reactivity to stress: internal consistency. Psychophysiology 44, 216–225.Google Scholar
Knutson, B, Bhanji, JP, Cooney, RE, Atlas, LY and Gotlib, IH (2008) Neural responses to monetary incentives in major depression. Biological Psychiatry 63, 686–692.Google Scholar
Lang, PJ, Greenwald, MK, Bradley, MM and Hamm, AO (1993) Looking at pictures: affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology 30, 261–273.Google Scholar
Layne, C (1980) Motivational deficit in depression: people's expectations x outcomes’ impacts. Journal of Clinical Psychology 36, 647–652.Google Scholar
Levick, JR (2003) An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology. London, England: Arnold.Google Scholar
Llabre, MM, Spitzer, SB, Saab, PG, Ironson, GH and Schneiderman, N (1991) The reliability and specificity of delta versus residualized change as measure of cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral challenges. Psychophysiology 28, 701–711.Google Scholar
Locke, EA and Latham, GP (1990) A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Olino, TM, McMakin, DL, Dahl, RE, Ryan, ND, Silk, JS, Birmaher, B, Axelson, DA and Forbes, EE (2011) ‘I won, but I'm not getting my hopes up’: depression moderates the relationship of outcomes and reward anticipation. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 194, 393–395.Google Scholar
Ottenbreit, ND and Dobson, KS (2004) Avoidance and depression: the construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy 42, 293–313.Google Scholar
Papillo, JF and Shapiro, D (1990) The cardiovascular system. In Tassinary, LG and Cacioppo, JT (eds), Principles of Psychophysiology: Physical, Social, and Inferential Elements. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 456–512.Google Scholar
Pizzagalli, DA (2014) Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 10, 393–423.Google Scholar
Pizzagalli, DA, Holmes, AJ, Dillon, DG, Goetz, EL, Birk, JL, Bogdan, R, Dougherty, DD, Iosifescu, DV, Rauch, SL and Fava, M (2009 a) Reduced caudate and nucleus accumbens response to rewards in unmedicated individuals with major depressive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 702–710.Google Scholar
Pizzagalli, DA, Iosifescu, D, Hallett, LA, Ratner, KG and Fava, M (2009 b) Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: evidence from a probabilistic reward task. Journal of Psychiatric Research 43, 76–87.Google Scholar
Richter, M (2012) Cardiovascular response to reward. In Wright, RA and Gendolla, GHE (eds), How Motivation Affects Cardiovascular Response: Mechanisms and Applications Washington, DC: APA, pp. 79–91.Google Scholar
Richter, M (2014) BlueBox (version 2) [computer software].Google Scholar
Richter, M and Gendolla, GHE (2006) Incentive effects on cardiovascular reactivity in active coping with unclear task difficulty. International Journal of Psychophysiology 61, 216–225.Google Scholar
Richter, M and Gendolla, GHE (2007) Incentive value, unclear task difficulty, and cardiovascular reactivity in active coping. International Journal of Psychophysiology 63, 294–301.Google Scholar
Richter, M and Gendolla, GHE (2009) The heart contracts to reward: monetary incentives and pre-ejection period. Psychophysiology 46, 451–457.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R and Rosnow, RL (1985) Contrast Analysis: Focused Comparisons in the Analysis of Variance. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rottenberg, J, Gross, JJ and Gotlib, IH (2005) Emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114, 627–639.Google Scholar
Scherhag, A, Kaden, JJ, Kentschke, E, Sueselbeck, T and Borggrefe, M (2005) Comparison of impedance cardiography and thermodilution-derived measurements of stroke volume and cardiac output at rest and during exercise testing. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 19, 141–147.Google Scholar
Schiller, CE, Minkel, J, Smoski, MJ and Dichter, GS (2013) Remitted major depression is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex reactivity to reward loss. Journal of Affective Disorders 151, 756–762.Google Scholar
Schwartz, GE, Fair, P, Salt, P, Mandel, M and Klerman, G (1976) Facial muscle patterning to affective imagery in depressed and nondepressed subjects. Science 192, 489–491.Google Scholar
Shankman, SA, Nelson, BD, Sarapas, C, Robison-Andrew, EJ, Campbell, ML, Altman, SE, McGowan, SK, Katz, AC and Gorka, SM (2013) A psychophysiological investigation of threat and reward sensitivity in individuals with panic disorder and/or major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 122, 322–338.Google Scholar
Sheehan, DV, Lecrubier, Y, Harnett-Sheehan, K, Janavs, J, Weiller, E, Keskiner, A, Schinka, J, Knapp, E, Sheehan, MF and Dunbar, GC (1997) The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. European Psychiatry 12, 232–241.Google Scholar
Sherdell, L, Waugh, CE and Gotlib, IH (2012) Anticipatory pleasure predicts motivation for reward in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121, 51–60.Google Scholar
Sherwood, A, Allen, MT, Fahrenberg, J, Kelsey, RM, Lovallo, WR and Van Doornen, LJP (1990) Methodological guidelines for impedence cardiography. Psychophysiology 27, 1–23.Google Scholar
Shrout, PE and Fleiss, JL (1979) Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin 86, 420–428.Google Scholar
Sloan, DM, Bradley, MM, Dimoulas, E and Lang, PJ (2002) Looking at facial expressions: dysphoria and facial EMG. Biological Psychology 60, 79–90.Google Scholar
Sloan, DM, Strauss, ME and Wisner, KL (2001) Diminished response to pleasant stimuli by depressed women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110, 488–493.Google Scholar
Smoski, MJ, Rittenberg, A and Dichter, GS (2011) Major depressive disorder is characterized by greater reward network activation to monetary than pleasant image rewards. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 194, 263–270.Google Scholar
Sternberg, S (1966) High-speed scanning in human memory. Science 153, 652–654.Google Scholar
Stoy, M, Schlagenhauf, F, Sterzer, P, Bermpohl, F, Hägele, C, Suchotzki, K, Schmack, K, Wrase, J, Ricken, R, Knutson, B, Adli, M, Bauer, M, Heinz, A and Ströhle, A (2012) Hyporeactivity of ventral striatum towards incentive stimuli in unmedicated depressed patients normalizes after treatment with escitalopram. Journal of Psychopharmacology 26, 677–688.Google Scholar
Tassinary, LG, Cacioppo, JT and Vanman, EJ (2007) The skeletomotor system: surface electromyography. In Cacioppo, JT, Tassinary, LG and Berntson, GG (eds), Handbook of Psychophysiology, 3rd Edn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Treadway, MT, Bossaller, NA, Shelton, RC and Zald, DH (2012) Effort-based decision-making in major depressive disorder: a translational model of motivational anhedonia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121, 553–558.Google Scholar
Trew, JL (2011) Exploring the roles of approach and avoidance in depression: an integrative model. Clinical Psychology Review 31, 1156–1168.Google Scholar
Weinberg, A and Shankman, SA (2017) Blunted reward processing in remitted melancholic depression. Clinical Psychological Science 5, 14–25.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2011) Classification internationale des maladies. Dixième édition, Chapitre 5: Troubles mentaux et troubles du comportement: Descriptions cliniques et directives pour le diagnostic. Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Wright, RA (1996) Brehm's theory of motivation as a model of effort and cardiovascular response. In Gollwitzer, PM and Bargh, JA (eds), The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 424–453.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Franzen et al. supplementary material 1

Franzen et al. supplementary material

Download Franzen et al. supplementary material 1(File)
File 70.7 KB