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Neuronal correlates of affective theory of mind in schizophrenia out-patients: evidence for a baseline deficit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2010

D. Mier ,
C. Sauer ,
S. Lis ,
C. Esslinger ,
J. Wilhelm ,
B. Gallhofer  and
P. Kirsch
D. Mier*
Affiliation:
Division for Imaging in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany Department for Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
C. Sauer
Affiliation:
Division for Imaging in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
S. Lis
Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen, Germany
C. Esslinger
Affiliation:
Division for Imaging in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
J. Wilhelm
Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen, Germany
B. Gallhofer
Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen, Germany
P. Kirsch
Affiliation:
Division for Imaging in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany Mannheim School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: D. Mier, Division for Imaging in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, D-68159Mannheim, Germany. (Email: Daniela.Mier@zi-mannheim.de)
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Abstract

Background

Schizophrenia out-patients have deficits in affective theory of mind (ToM) but also on more basal levels of social cognition, such as the processing of neutral and emotional expressions. These deficits are associated with changes in brain activation in the amygdala and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). However, until now there have been no studies that examined these different levels of social cognition and their neurobiological underpinnings in patients within one design.

Method

Sixteen medicated schizophrenia out-patients and 16 matched healthy controls were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a social cognition task that allows the investigation of affective ToM (aToM), emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.

Results

Patients showed a deficit in emotion recognition and a more prominent deficit in aToM. The performance in aToM and in emotion recognition was correlated in the control group but not in the schizophrenia group. Region-of-interest analysis of functional brain imaging data revealed no difference between groups during aToM, but a hyperactivation in the schizophrenia group in the left amygdala and right STS during emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.

Conclusions

The results indicate that schizophrenia out-patients have deficits at several levels of social cognition and provide the first evidence that deficits on higher-order social cognitive processes in schizophrenia may be traced back to an aberrant processing of faces per se.

Keywords

Emotion recognitionfMRIschizophreniasocial cognitiontheory of mind
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 40 , Issue 10 , October 2010 , pp. 1607 - 1617
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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