Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:53:46.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The occurrence of organic disease of possible or probable aetiological significance in a population of 268 cases of first episode schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Eve C. Johnstone ,
J. Fiona MacMillan  and
Timothy J. Crow
Eve C. Johnstone*
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre. Harrow, Middlesex.
J. Fiona MacMillan
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre. Harrow, Middlesex.
Timothy J. Crow
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre. Harrow, Middlesex.
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr E. C. Johnstone, Division of Psychiatry, Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

In a sample of 268 cases of first-episode schizophrenia, 15 patients were found to have organic disease which appeared relevant to the mental state. There were three cases of syphilis, two cases of sarcoidosis, three of alcohol excess and two of drug abuse. There was one case each of carcinoma of the lung, autoimmune multisystem disease, cerebral cysticercosis, thyroid disease and previous head injury. In this series, identified organic disease was associated with less than 6% of cases of schizophrenia.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , May 1987 , pp. 371 - 379
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldwin, J. A. (1979). Schizophrenia and physical disease (editorial). Psychological Medicine 9, 611–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1930). The physiogenic and psychogenic in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 87, 203–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1950). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (transl. Zinkin, ). International University Press: New York.Google Scholar
Brain, W. R. & Adams, R. D. (1965). Epilogue: a guide to the classification and investigation of neurological disorders associated with neoplasms. In The Remote Effects of Cancer on the Nervous System (ed. Brain, W. R. and Norris, F. H.), Contemporary Neurology Symposia, Vol. 1, pp. 216–221. Grune and Stratton: New York.Google Scholar
Bursten, B. (1961). Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis. Archives of General Psychiatry 4, 267–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheney, C. O. (1935). Clinical data on general paresis. Psychiatric Quarterly 9, 467–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. & Ditman, K. S. (1962). Complications associated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25). Journal of the American Medical Association 181, 161–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S. & Ditman, K. S. (1963). Prolonged adverse reactions to lyseric acid diethylamide. Archives of General Psychiatry 8, 475–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Croft, P. B. & Wilkinson, M. (1965). The incidence of carcinomatous neuromyopathy with special reference to carcinoma of the lung and breast. In The Remote Effects of Cancer on the Nervous System (ed. Brain, W. R. and Norris, F. H.), Contemporary Neurology Symposia, Vol. 1, pp. 44–54. Stratton: New York.Google Scholar
Davison, K. (1983). Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic cerebral disorders. A review. Psychiatric Developments 1, 1–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Davison, K. & Bagley, C. R. (1969). Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: a review of the literature. In Current Problems in Neuropsychiatry (ed. Herrington, R. N.), pp. 113–184. Headley Bros.: Ashford, Kent.Google Scholar
Delaney, P. (1977). Neurologic manifestations in sarcoidosis. Annals of Internal Medicine 87, 336–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewhurst, K. (1969). The neurosyphilitic psychoses today. British Journal of Psychiatry 115, 31–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, A. A. & Ingram, I. M. (1985). Lorazepam dependence and chronic psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 147, 211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gosline, H. I. (1917). Newer conception of dementia praecox based on unrecognised work. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 2, 691–707.Google Scholar
Greer, S. & Parsons, V. (1968). Schizophrenia-like psychosis in thyroid crisis. British Journal of Psychiatry 114, 1357–1362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guze, S. B. (1967). The occurrence of psychiatric illness in systemic lupus erythematosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 123, 1562–1570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrman, H. E., Baldwin, J. A. & Christie, D. (1983). A record linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. Psychological Medicine 13, 581–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, D. G. & Sharma, O. (1967). Neurological complications of sarcoidosis. Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine 60, 1169–1170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, E. C., Crow, T. J., Johnson, A. L. & Macmillan, J. F. (1986). The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: I British Journal Psychiatry 148, 115–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerdel, F. A. & Moschella, S. L. (1984). Sarcoidosis: an updated review. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 11, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1986). Psychiatrie 5th ed. Barth: Leipzig.Google Scholar
Lipsedge, M. & Littlewood, R. (1979). Transcultural psychiatry. Recent Advances in Clinical Psychiatry 3, 91–134.Google Scholar
Lishman, W. A. Organic Psychiatry. (1978). Organic Psychiatry: the Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder. Blackwell: Oxford.Google Scholar
McClelland, H., Roth, M. & Neubauer, H. (1966). Some observations on a case material based on patients with certain common schizophrenic symptoms. Communication to the World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid.Google Scholar
Macmillan, J. F., Gold, A., Crow, T. J., Johnson, A. L. & Johnstone, E. C. (1986). The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: III. British Journal of Psychiatry 148, 128–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, A. & Siltzbach, L. E. (1969). Muscle involvement in sarcoidosis. Archives of Neurology 21, 235–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siltzbach, I. E. (1967). Sarcoidosis: clinical features and management. Medical Clinics of North America 51, 483–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, E., Beard, A. W. & Glithero, E. (1963). The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy. British Journal of Psychiatry 109, 95–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, I. F., Small, J. G., Field, S. P. & Hayden, M. P. (1966). Organic cognates of acute psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry 122, 790–797.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoudemire, A., Linfors, E. & Houpt, J. L. (1983). Central nervous system sarcoidosis. General Hospital Psychiatry 5, 129–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suchenwirth, R. & Dold, V. (1969). Functional psychoses in sarcoidosis. Verhandlungen Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin 75, 757–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, E. M., Cohen, A. S., Fries, J. F., Masi, A. T., McShane, D. J., Rothfield, N. F., Schaller, J. G., Talal, N. & Winchester, R. J. (1982). The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 1271–1277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thacore, V. R. (1973). Bhang psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 123, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urechia, C. I. & Rusdea, N. (1921). Schizophrenoid cerebral syphilis. Encephale 16, 587–595.Google Scholar
Victor, M. & Hope, J. M. (1958). The phenomenon of auditory hallucinations in chronic alcoholism. A critical evaluation of the status of alcoholic hallucinosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 126, 451–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: an Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Systems. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar