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Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: results from the EDEN mother–child cohort study in France

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2015

J. van der Waerden ,
C. Galéra ,
M.-J. Saurel-Cubizolles ,
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ,
M. Melchior  and
the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group
J. van der Waerden*
Affiliation:
Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
C. Galéra
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Bordeaux University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U897, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
M.-J. Saurel-Cubizolles
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France INSERM, UMR-S 953, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, F-94807 Villejuif, France
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay
Affiliation:
Bordeaux University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U657, F-33000 Bordeaux, France University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
M. Melchior
Affiliation:
Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, F-75013 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
*
* Address for correspondence: J. van der Waerden, PhD, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France. (Email: judith.van-der-waerden@inserm.fr)
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Abstract

Background

Maternal depression in the pre- and postpartum period may set women on a course of chronic depressive symptoms. Little is known about predictors of persistently elevated depressive symptoms in mothers from pregnancy onwards. The aims of this study are to determine maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday and identify associated risk factors.

Method

Mothers (N = 1807) from the EDEN mother–child birth cohort study based in France (2003–2011) were followed from 24–28 weeks of pregnancy to their child's fifth birthday. Maternal depression trajectories were determined with a semi-parametric group-based modelling strategy. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric predictors were explored for their association with trajectory class membership.

Results

Five trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression from pregnancy onwards were identified: no symptoms (60.2%); persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms (25.2%); persistent high depressive symptoms (5.0%); high symptoms in pregnancy only (4.7%); high symptoms in the child's preschool period only (4.9%). Socio-demographic predictors associated with persistent depression were non-French origin; psychosocial predictors were childhood adversities, life events during pregnancy and work overinvestment; psychiatric predictors were previous mental health problems, psychological help, and high anxiety during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Persistent depression in mothers of young children is associated to several risk factors present prior to or during pregnancy, notably anxiety. These characteristics precede depression trajectories and offer a possible entry point to enhance mother's mental health and reduce its burden on children.

Keywords

Longitudinal trajectoriesmaternal depressionrisk factors
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 9 , July 2015 , pp. 1999 - 2012
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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