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The prevalence of depression in general hospital inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interview-based studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2018

Jane Walker ,
Katy Burke ,
Marta Wanat ,
Rebecca Fisher ,
Josephine Fielding ,
Amy Mulick ,
Stephen Puntis ,
Joseph Sharpe ,
Michelle Degli Esposti  and
Eli Harriss
...Show all authors
Jane Walker*
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Katy Burke
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Marta Wanat
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Rebecca Fisher
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Josephine Fielding
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Amy Mulick
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Stephen Puntis
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Joseph Sharpe
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Michelle Degli Esposti
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Eli Harriss
Affiliation:
Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Chris Frost
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Michael Sharpe
Affiliation:
Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Jane Walker, Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK. E-mail: jane.walker@psych.ox.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background

Comorbid depression in the medically ill is clinically important. Admission to a general hospital offers an opportunity to identify and initiate treatment for depression. However, we first need to know how common depression is in general hospital inpatients. We aimed to address this question by systematically reviewing the relevant literature.

Methods

We reviewed published prevalence studies in any language which had used diagnostic interviews of general hospital inpatients and met basic methodological quality criteria. We focussed on interview-based studies in order to estimate the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of depressive illness.

Results

Of 158 relevant articles, 65 (41%) describing 60 separate studies met our inclusion criteria. The 31 studies that focussed on general medical and surgical inpatients reported prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 34%. There was substantial, highly statistically significant, heterogeneity between studies which was not materially explained by the covariates we were able to consider. The average of the reported prevalences was 12% (95% CI 10–15), with a 95% prediction interval of 4–32%. The remaining 29 studies, of a variety of specific clinical populations, are described.

Conclusions

The available evidence suggests a likely prevalence high enough to make it worthwhile screening hospital inpatients for depression and initiating treatment where appropriate. Further, higher quality, research is needed to clarify the prevalence of depression in specific settings and to further explore the reasons for the observed heterogeneity in estimates.

Keywords

Depressiongeneral hospitalinpatientsmeta-analysisprevalencesystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 48 , Issue 14 , October 2018 , pp. 2285 - 2298
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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