Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:12:37.310Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs: development and standardization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

M. King*
Affiliation:
Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London
P. Speck
Affiliation:
Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London
A. Thomas
Affiliation:
Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Michael King, University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG

Synopsis

We present the development and standardization of a measure of spiritual, religious and philosophical beliefs. An interview was constructed based on on-going studies by the authors of the nature and strength of belief held by people hospitalized with an acute illness. The interview was tested with three standard populations–staff of a teaching hospital; attenders to an inner city general practice; and people with clearly defined, devout religious beliefs–in order to establish population norms, validity and reliability for each question. The interview performed well with satisfactory validity and high internal and test–retest reliability. It is not presented, however, as a final product which will meet all needs in this complicated area of study. Rather, we have attempted to refine a measure of spiritual and religious belief that might apply to people with a range of personal and public faiths. It is clear that people are able to express these aspects of their lives in a way that can be measured with acceptable reliability and validity. We believe that this interview could, therefore, be applied in any medical, psychological or social setting in which a measure of belief is sought.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Benson, P. L. & Elkin, C. H. (1990). Effective Christian Education: A National Study of Protestant Congregations. Search Institute: Minneapolis, MN.Google Scholar
Craigie, F. C., Liu, I. Y., Larson, D. B. & Lyons, J. S. (1988). A systematic analysis of religious variables in the Journal of Family Practice, 1976–1986. Journal of Family Practice 27, 509513.Google Scholar
Hunsberger, B. (1991). Empirical work in the psychology of religion. Canadian Psychology 32, 497504.Google Scholar
King, M. B. & Hunt, R. A. (1975). Measuring the religious variable: national replication. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 14, 1322.Google Scholar
King, M., Speck, P. & Thomas, A. (1994). Spiritual and religious beliefs in acute illness – is this a feasible area for study? Social Science and Medicine 38, 631636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschling, J. M. & Pittman, J. F. (1989). Measurement of spiritual well-being: a hospice care giver sample. Hospice Journal 5, 111.Google Scholar
Larson, D. B., Pattison, E. M., Blazer, D. G., Omran, A. R. & Kaplan, B. H. (1986). Systematic analysis of research on religious variables in four major psychiatric journals, 1978–1982. American Journal of Psychiatry 143, 329334.Google Scholar
Larson, D. B., Thielman, S. B., Greenwold, M. A., Lyons, J. S., Post, S.G., Sherrill, K. A., Wood, G. G. & Larson, S. S. (1993). Religious content in the DSM-III-R Glossary of technical terms. American Journal of Psychiatry 150, 18841885.Google Scholar
Lea, G. (1982). Religion, mental health and clinical issues. Journal of Religion and Health 21, 336351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levin, J. S. & Vanderpool, H. Y. (1987). Is frequent religious attendance really conducive to better health? Toward an epidemiology of religion. Social Science Medicine 24, 589600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paloutzian, R. F. & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and quality of life. In Loneliness: A Source-Book of Current Theory, Research, and Therapy (ed. Peplau, L. A. and Perlman, D.), pp. 224237. John Wiley & Sons: New York.Google Scholar
Pressman, P., Lyons, J. S., Larson, D. B. & Strain, J. J. (1990). Religious belief, depression and ambulation status in elderly women with broken hips. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 758760.Google Scholar
Reed, P. G. (1987). Spirituality and well-being in terminally ill hospitalized adults. Research in Nursing and Health 10, 335344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherrill, K. A. & Larson, D. B. (1988). Adult burn patients, the role of religion in recovery. Southern Medical Journal 81, 821825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speck, P. W. (1988). Being There: Pastoral Care in Time of Illness. SPCK: London.Google Scholar
Streiner, D. L. & Norman, G. R. (1989). Health Measurement Scales. A Practical Guide to their Development and Use. Oxford Medical Publications: Oxford.Google Scholar
Weiner, E. A. & Stewart, B. J. (1984). Assessing Individuals. Little, Brown: Boston.Google Scholar
Williams, D. R. (1994). The measurement of religion in epidemiologic studies. In Religion, Aging and Health (ed. Levin, J. S.), pp. 125148. Sage: London.Google Scholar