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Examining Interindividual Differences in Cyclicity of Pleasant and Unpleasant Affects Using Spectral Analysis and Item Response Modeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2025

Nilam Ram ,
Sy-Miin Chow ,
Ryan P. Bowles ,
Lijuan Wang ,
Kevin Grimm ,
Frank Fujita  and
John R. Nesselroade
Nilam Ram*
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Sy-Miin Chow
Affiliation:
University of Notre Dame
Ryan P. Bowles
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Lijuan Wang
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Kevin Grimm
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Frank Fujita
Affiliation:
University of Indiana, South Bend
John R. Nesselroade
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
*
Requests for reprints should be sent to Nilam Ram, Department of Psychology, PO Box 400400, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA. E-mail: nilam@virginia.edu
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Abstract

Weekly cycles in emotion were examined by combining item response modeling and spectral analysis approaches in an analysis of 179 college students' reports of daily emotions experienced over 7 weeks. We addressed the measurement of emotion using an item response model. Spectral analysis and multilevel sinusoidal models were used to identify interindividual differences in intraindividual cyclic change. Simulations and incomplete data designs were used to examine how well this combination of analysis techniques might work when applied to other practical data problems. Empirically, we found systematic individual differences in the extent to which individuals' emotions follow a weekly cycle, and in how such cycles are exhibited. Weekly cycles accounted for very little variance in day to day emotions at the individual level. Analytically, we illustrate how measurement, change, and interindividual difference models from different traditions may be combined in a practical manner to describe some of the complexities of human behavior.

Keywords

non-linearmultilevellongitudinalmissing dataemotion
Type
Application Reviews and Case Studies
Information
Psychometrika , Volume 70 , Issue 4 , December 2005 , pp. 773 - 790
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 The Psychometric Society

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Footnotes

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by grant T32 AG20500 from the National Institute on Aging in the preparation of this article. Special thanks to those at the Institute for Developmental and Health Research Methodology at the University of Virginia and to Paul De Boeck and the reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this work.

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