Hostname: page-component-5f745c7db-nzk4m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-06T22:26:12.320Z Has data issue: true hasContentIssue false

Generalized Bilinear Models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2025

Vartan Choulakian*
Affiliation:
Universite de Moncton, Moncton, N.B.
*
Requests for reprints should be sent to Vartan Choulakian, Department de mathematiques, Universite de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, CANADA EIA 3E9.

Abstract

Generalized bilinear models are presented for the statistical analysis of two-way arrays. These models combine bilinear models and generalized linear modeling, and yield a family of models that includes many existing models, as well as suggest other potentially useful ones. This approach both unifies and extends models for two-way arrays, including the ability to treat response and explanatory variables differently in the models, and the incorporation of external information about the variables directly into the analysis. A unifying framework for the generalized bilinear models is provided by considering four particular cases which have been proposed and used in the existing statistical literature. A three-step procedure is proposed to analyze data sets by generalized bilinear models. Two data sets of different nature are analyzed.

Type
Original Paper
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 The Psychometric Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The author is very grateful to Shizuhiko Nishisato, the associate editor and the referees for their valuable comments, which resulted in a completely improved version of an earlier manuscript.

References

Aitchison, J. (1983). Principal component analysis of compositional data. Biometrika, 70(1), 5765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitchison, J. (1986). The analysis of compositional data, NY: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, E. B. (1980). Discrete statistical models with social science applications, Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Baccini, A., Caussinus, H., Falguerolles, A. (1991). Comment (to Goodman's paper). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 86, 11151117.Google Scholar
Becker, M. P. (1990). Quasisymmetric models for the analysis of square contingency tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B., 52, 369378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, M. P. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation of the RC(M) association model. Applied Statistics, 39, 152167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beecher, H. K. (1959). Measurement of subjective responses, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Benzécri, J. P. (1976). L'Analyse des Données: Tome 2, L'Analyse des Correspondances [Data Analysis: 2nd Volume, Correspondence Analysis], Paris: Dunod.Google Scholar
Bishop, Y. V. (1969). Full contingency tables, logits, and split contingency tables. Biometrics, 25, 119128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombs, C. H. (1964). A theory of data, New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Darroch, J. N., Mosimann, J. E. (1985). Canonical and principal components of shape. Biometrika, 72, 241252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, K. R. (1971). The biplot graphical display of matrices with application to principal component analysis. Biometrika, 58, 453462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, K. R. (1978). Least squares approximation of matrices by additive and multiplicative models. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 40, 186196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollob, H. F. (1968). A statistical model which combines features of factor analytic and analysis of variance techniques. Psychometrika, 33, 73115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, L. A. (1979). Simple models for the analysis of association in cross-classifications having ordered categories. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 537552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, L. A. (1981). Association models and canonical correlation in the analysis of cross-classifications having ordered categories. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, 320334.Google Scholar
Goodman, L. A. (1985). The analysis of cross-classified data having ordered and/or unordered categories: Association models, correlation models, and asymmetry models for contingency tables with or without missing entries. Annals of Statistics, 13, 1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, L. A. (1986). Some useful extensions of the usual correspondence analysis approach and the usual log-linear models approach in the analysis of contingency tables. International Statistical Review, 54, 243309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, L. A. (1991). Measures, models, and graphical displays in the analysis of cross-classified data (with discussion). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 86, 10851138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gower, J. C. (1966). Some distance properties of latent roots and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika, 53, 325388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gower, J. C. (1989). Discussion of the paper by Van der Heijden, de Falguerolles and de Leeuw. Applied Statistics, 38, 275276.Google Scholar
Greenacre, M. J. (1984). Theory and applications of correspondence analysis, N.Y.: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Haberman, S. J. (1978). Analysis of qualitative data, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Holland, P. W., Thayer, D. T. (1983). Using modern statistical methods to improve the presentation of the annual summaries of GRE candidate background data, Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazmierczak, J. B. (1985). Analyse logarithmique: deux exemples d'application [Logarithmic analysis: Two examples of application]. La Revue de Statistique Appliquée, 33, 1324.Google Scholar
Kazmierczak, J. B. et al. (1985). Une application du principe de Yule: l'analyse logarithmique [An application of Yule's principle: Logarithmic analysis]. In Diday, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the fourth International Symposium on Data Analysis and Informatics (pp. 393403). Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Kazmierczak, J. B. (1987). Sur l'usage d'un principe d'invariance pour aider au choix d'une métrique [The use of an invariance criterion for the choice of a metric]. Statistique et Analyse des Données, 12, 3757.Google Scholar
Lauro, N. C., D'Ambra, L. et al. (1984). L'analyse non symmetrique des correspondances [Nonsymmetrical correspondence analysis]. In Diday, et al. (Eds.), Data Analysis and Informatics III (pp. 433446). Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Mandel, J. (1961). Non-additivity in two-way analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56, 878888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandel, J. (1971). A new analysis of variance model for non-additive data. Technometrics, 13, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J. A. (1989). Generalized Linear Models 2nd ed.,, NY: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moolgavkar, S. H., Stevens, R. G., Lee, J. A. H. (1979). Effect of age on incidence of breast cancer in females. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 62, 493501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishisato, S. (1980). Analysis of categorical data: Dual scaling and its applications, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishisato, S., Lawrence, D. R. (1989). Dual scaling of multiway data matrices: Several variants. In Coppi, R., Bolasco, S. (Eds.), Multiway Data Analysis (pp. 317326). Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Pettitt, A. N. (1989). One degree of freedom for nonadditivity: Applications with generalized linear models. Biometrics, 45, 11531162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, C. R. (1964). The use and interpretation of principal components analysis in applied research. Sankhya A, 26, 239358.Google Scholar
Rao, C. R. (1973). Linear statistical inference and its applications 2nd ed.,, NY: Wiley and Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, J. A. (1988). Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Takane, Y., Shibayama, T. (1991). Principal component analysis with external information on both subjects and variables. Psychometrika, 56, 97120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torgerson, W. S. (1958). Theory and methods of scaling, New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Tukey, J. W. (1949). One degree of freedom for non-additivity. Biometrics, 5, 232242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar