Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:54:03.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Association of education with dietary intake among young adults in the bi-ethnic Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2006

SL Archer ,
JE Hilner ,
AR Dyer ,
KJ Greenlund ,
LA Colangelo ,
CI Kiefe  and
K Liu
SL Archer*
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, #1102, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
JE Hilner
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
AR Dyer
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, #1102, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
KJ Greenlund
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
LA Colangelo
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, #1102, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
CI Kiefe
Affiliation:
University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
K Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, #1102, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Email s-archer@northwestern.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective:

To examine associations of changes in dietary intake with education in young black and white men and women.

Design:

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-centre population-based prospective study. Dietary intake data at baseline and year 7 were obtained from an extensive nutritionist-administered diet history questionnaire with 700 items developed for CARDIA.

Setting:

Participants were recruited in 1985–1986 from four sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California.

Subjects:

Participants were from a general community sample of 703 black men (BM), 1006 black women (BW), 963 white men (WM) and 1054 white women (WW) who were aged 18–30 years at baseline. Analyses here include data for baseline (1985–1986) and year 7 (1992–1993).

Results:

Most changes in dietary intake were observed among those with high education (≥ 12 years) at both examinations. There was a significant decrease in intake of energy from saturated fat and cholesterol and a significant increase in energy from starch for each race-gender group (P < 0.001). Regardless of education, taste was considered an important influence on food choice.

Conclusion:

The inverse relationship of education with changes in saturated fat and cholesterol intakes suggests that national public health campaigns may have a greater impact among those with more education.

Keywords

EducationDietary choicesNutrient intakes
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 6 , Issue 7 , October 2003 , pp. 689 - 695
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2003

References

1Bennett, S. Cardiovascular risk factors in Australia: trends in socioeconomic inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1995; 49: 363–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Rose, G, Marmot, MG. Social class and coronary heart disease. British Heart Journal 1981; 45: 13–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Holme, I, Helgeland, A, Hjermann, I, Leren, P. Socio-economic status as a coronary risk factor: the Oslo study. Acta Medica Scandinavica Supplementum 1982; 660: 147–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Shimakawa, T, Sorlie, P, Carpenter, MA, Dennis, B, Tell, GS, Watson, R, et al. Dietary intake patterns and sociodemographic factors in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. ARIC Study Investigators. Preventive Medicine 1994; 23: 769–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Hulshof, KF, Wedel, M, Lowik, MR, Kok, KF, Kistemaker, C, Hermus, RJ, et al. Clustering of dietary variables and other lifestyle factors (Dutch Nutritional Surveillance System). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1992; 46: 417–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Raitakari, OT, Leino, M, Rakkonen, K, Porkka, KV, Taimela, S, Rasanen, L, et al. Clustering of risk habits in young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 142: 36–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Bolton-Smith, C, Smith, WC, Woodward, M, Tunstall-Pedoe, H. Nutrient intakes of different social-class groups: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (SHHS). British Journal of Nutrition 1991; 65: 321–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Shea, S, Melnik, TA, Stein, AD, Zansky, SM, Maylahn, C, Basch, CE. Age, sex, educational attainment, and race/ethnicity in relation to consumption of specific foods contributing to the atherogenic potential of diet. Preventive Medicine 1993; 22: 203–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Smith, AM, Baghurst, KJ. Public health implications of dietary differences between social status and occupational category groups. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1992; 46: 409–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Wynn, A. Inequalities in nutrition. Nutrition and Health 1987; 5: 79–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Pardo, B, Piotrowski, W, Sygnowska, E, Waskiewicz, A. Relationship of educational attainment to nutritional habits in the Pol-Monica Warsaw population: a 10 year follow-up study. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 1997; 7: 16–23.Google Scholar
12Parraga, IM. Determinants of food consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1990; 90: 661–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Friedman, GD, Cutter, GR, Donahue, RP, Hughes, GH, Hulley, SB, Jacobs, DR Jr, et al. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1988; 41: 1105–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14The CARDIA Study Steering Committee. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year O Exam Protocol. Birmingham, AL: The CARDIA Study Coordinating Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 02 1985.Google Scholar
15The CARDIA Study Steering Committee. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year O Exam Manual of Operations. Birmingham, AL: The CARDIA Study Coordinating Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 02 1985.Google Scholar
16The CARDIA Study Steering Committee. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year 7 Exam Protocol. Birmingham, AL: The CARDIA Study Coordinating Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 04 1992.Google Scholar
17The CARDIA Study Steering Committee. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year 7 Exam Manual of Operations. Birmingham, AL: The CARDIA Study Coordinating Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 04 1992.Google Scholar
18Goldberg, GR, Black, AE, Jebb, SA, Cole, TJ, Murgatroyd, PR, Coward, MA, et al. Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. Derivations of cut-off limits to identify under-recording. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991; 45: 569–81.Google ScholarPubMed
19McDonald, A, Van Horn, L, Slattery, M, Hilner, J, Bragg, C, Caan, B, et al. The CARDIA dietary history: development, implementation, and evaluation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1991; 91: 1104–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Burke, BS. The dietary history as a tool in research. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1947; 23: 1041–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Shekelle, RB, Shryock, AM, Paul, O, Lepper, M, Stamler, J, Liu, S, et al. Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease. The Western Electric study. New England Journal of Medicine 1981; 304: 65–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Hilner, JE, McDonald, A, Van Horn, L, Bragg, C, Caan, B, Slattery, ML, et al. Quality control of dietary data collection in the CARDIA study. Controlled Clinical Trials 1992; 13: 156–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Liu, K, Slattery, M, Jacobs, DR Jr, Cutter, G, McDonald, A, Van Horn, L. A study of the reliability and comparative validity of the CARDIA dietary history. Ethnicity & Disease 1994; 4: 15–27.Google ScholarPubMed
24Schakel, SF, Sievert, YA, Buzzard, IM. Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1988; 88: 1268–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Marshall, JA, Lopez, TK, Shetterly, SM, Baxter, J, Hamman, RF. Association of education level with atherogenic diets in a rural biethnic population. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1995; 11: 294–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Cleeman, JI, Lenfant, C. The National Cholesterol Education Program: progress and prospects. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998; 280: 2099–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Nusbaum, NJ. Dietary trends in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 336: 583–5.Google ScholarPubMed
28Hu, FB, Stampfer, MJ, Manson, JE, Rimm, E, Colditz, GA, Rosner, BA, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337: 1491–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Keys, A, Menotti, A, Karvonen, MJ, Aravanis, C, Blackburn, H, Buzina, R, et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1986; 124: 903–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Kumanyika, S. Improving our diet – still a long way to go. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 335: 738–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Food Trade-offs: Choosing How to Balance the Diet. Nutrition Insight 24. USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA, USA, 05 2001; 1–2.Google Scholar
32US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Is Total Fat Consumption Really Decreasing?. Nutrition Insight 5. USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA, USA, 04 1998; 1–2.Google Scholar
33Stallone, DD, Brunner, EJ, Bingham, SA, Marmot, MG. Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997; 51: 815–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Herbert, JR, Ma, Y, Clemlow, L, Ockene, JK. Gender differences in social desirability and social approval bias in dietary self-report. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 146: 1046–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Patterson, RE, Kristal, AR, Coates, RJ, Tylavsky, FA, Ritenbaugh, C, Van Horn, L, et al. Low-fat diet practices of older women: prevalence and implications of dietary assessment. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1996; 96: 670–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Dunn, JE, Greenland, P, Hilner, JE, Jacobs, DR Jr. Seven-year tracking of dietary factors in young adults: the CARDIA study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000; 18: 38–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Kolonel, LN, Henderson, BE, Hankin, JH, Nomura, AM, Wilkens, LR, Pike, MC, et al. A multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: baseline characteristics. American Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 151: 346–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Subar, AF, Ziegler, RG, Thompson, FE, Johnson, CC, Weissfeld, JL, Reding, D, et al. Is shorter always better? Relative importance of questionnaire length and cognitive ease on response rates and data quality for two dietary questionnaires. American Journal of Epidemiology 2001; 153: 404–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39Pereira, MA, Jacobs, DR, Van Horn, L, Slattery, ML, Kartashov, AI, Ludwig, DS. Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults. The CARDIA Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 287: 2082–9.Google ScholarPubMed
40Neumark-Sztainer, D, Story, M, Hannan, PJ, Croll, J. Overweight status and eating patterns among adolescents: where do youths stand in comparison with the Healthy People 2010 objectives? American Journal of Public Health 2002; 92: 844–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Kranz, S, Siega-Riz, M. Sociodemographic determinants of added sugar intake in preschoolers 2 to 5 years old. Journal of Pediatrics 2002; 140: 667–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42James, WPT, Nelson, M, Ralph, A, Leather, S. Socioeconomic determinants of health: the contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. British Medical Journal 1997; 314: 1545–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed