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The conceptual framework for estimating food energy requirement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Anna Ferro-Luzzi
Anna Ferro-Luzzi*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina, 546–00 178, Rome, Italy
*
*Corresponding author: Email ferroluzzi@inran.it
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Abstract

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Objective

In anticipation of the revision of the 1985 Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/ WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation Report on ‘Energy and Protein Requirements’, recent scientific knowledge on the principles underlying the estimation of energy requirement is reviewed.

Design

This paper carries out a historical review of the scientific rationale adopted by previous FAO/WHO technical reports on energy requirement, discusses the concepts used in assessing basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure, physical activity level (PAL), and examines current controversial areas. Recommendations and areas of future research are presented.

Conclusions

The database of the BMR predictive equations developed by the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Report on Energy and Protein Requirements needs updating and expansion, applying strict and transparent selection criteria. The existence of an ethnic/tropical factor capable of affecting BMR is not supported by the available evidence. The factorial approach for the calculation of energy requirement, as set out in the 1985 report, should be retained. The estimate should have a normative rather than a prescriptive nature, except for the allowance provided for extra physical activity for sedentary populations, and for the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. The estimate of energy requirement of children below the age of 10 years should be made on the basis of energy expenditure rather than energy intake. The evidence of the existence of an ethnic/tropical factor is conflicting and no plausible mechanism has as yet been put forward.

Keywords

Basal metabolic rateEnergy requirementPhysical activity levelPredictive equationsEthnic factorTropical populationsPhysical activityAdaptation
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 8 , Issue 7a , October 2005 , pp. 940 - 952
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2005

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