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Insights into energy requirements in disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Marinos Elia
Marinos Elia*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 113, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Email elia@soton.ac.uk
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Abstract

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Accurate information about the energy needs of a range of acute and chronic diseases and morbidity is lacking and often complicated by the medication prescribed to treat the condition and also because of the presence of pre-existing malnutrition. Assessing the energy requirements of patients with acute and chronic diseases is more complex than for those in good health. These requirements not only depend on the aggressiveness of the disease and level of inactivity it causes, but also on the treatment, and the presence of prior malnutrition. It used to be generally believed that the energy requirements were increased in a number of diseases. It is now realised that this is not usually the case. Therefore, it is necessary to put these changing ideas into context by considering a wide range of acute and chronic diseases which this paper proposes to do. This paper is almost exclusively restricted to studies that have measured total energy expenditure (TEE) using tracer techniques in both hospital and the community (mostly doubly labelled water and to a lesser extent bicarbonate–urea), and continuous 24–hour indirect calorimetry in artificially ventilated patients in hospital.

Keywords

Total energy requirementsDiseaseAcuteChronicDisease related inactivity
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 8 , Issue 7a , October 2005 , pp. 1037 - 1052
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2005

References

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