Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:17:41.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Overweight in urban, low-income, African American and Hispanic children attending Los Angeles elementary schools: research stimulating action

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Wendelin M Slusser*
Affiliation:
UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
William G Cumberland
Affiliation:
UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
Ben L Browdy
Affiliation:
UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
Donna M Winham
Affiliation:
UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
Charlotte G Neumann
Affiliation:
UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Email wslusser@ucla.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective

This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence and severity of nutritional problems among low-income children of elementary school age in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) in order to collect baseline data to inform policy-makers.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional survey of children in 14 elementary schools was conducted from January to June, 1998. Nine hundred and nineteen children were measured and interviewed. The planning, design and data analysis were carried out in collaboration with key LAUSD policy-makers.

Results

More than 35% of the sample was classified as being at risk for overweight or overweight according to body mass index.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of children who are at risk for overweight or who are overweight in Los Angeles. This finding has triggered the development of multiple school-based intervention programmes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2005

References

1Troiano, RP, Flegal, KM, Kuczmarski, RJ, Campbell, SM, Johnson, CL. Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963 to 1991. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine 1995; 149: 1085–91.Google Scholar
2Wolfe, WS, Campbell, CC, Frongillo, EA, Haas, JD, Melnick, TA. Overweight schoolchildren in New York State: prevalence and characteristics. American Journal of Public Health 1994; 84: 807–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Troiano, RP, Flegal, KM. Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics 1998; 101(Suppl.): 497504.Google Scholar
4Gortmaker, SL, Dietz, WH Jr, Sobol, AM, Wehler, CA. Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1987; 141: 535–40.Google Scholar
5Ogden, CL, Flegal, KM, Carroll, MD, Johnson, CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288: 1728–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Ogden, CL, Troiano, RP, Briefel, RR, Kuczmarski, RJ, Flegal, KM, Johnson, CL. Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994. Pediatrics 1997; 99: E1.Google Scholar
7Mei, Z, Scanlon, KS, Grummer-Strawn, LM, Freedman, DS, Yip, R, Trowbridge, FL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US low income preschool children: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance, 1983 to 1995. Pediatrics 1998; 101(1): E12.Google Scholar
8Neufeld, WD, Raffel, LJ, Landon, C, Chen, YDI, Vadheim, CM. Early presentation of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American youth. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 80–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Dietz, WH. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 1998; 101(Suppl.): 518–25.Google Scholar
10Gill, TP. Key issues in the prevention of obesity. British Medical Bulletin 1997; 53: 359–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Guo, SS, Qu, W, Chumlea, WC, Roche, AF. Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 76: 653–8.Google Scholar
13Jelliffe, DB, Jelliffe, EFP. Community Nutritional Assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
14Lohman, TG, Roche, AF, Martorell, R, eds. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1988.Google Scholar
15Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/World Health Organization (WHO). EPI INFO 6, Version 6.02. Atlanta, GA/Geneva: CDC/WHO, 1994.Google Scholar
16National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). NCHS Growth Curves for Children, Birth– 18 years. Vital and Health Statistics *65. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 1977; 78165.Google Scholar
17National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971–74 (NHANES I). Hyattsville, MD: NCHS, 1974.Google Scholar
18National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976–80 (NHANES II). Hyattsville, MD: NCHS, 1980.Google Scholar
19Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). BMI Index for Age Percentiles for Boys and Girls 2 to 20 years. Atlanta, GA/Hyattsville, MD: CDC/NCHS, 2000.Google Scholar
20Dietz, WH, Belizzi, MC. Introduction: the use of BMI to assess obesity in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 70(Suppl.): 123s–5s.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Frisancho, AR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1981; 34: 2540–5.Google Scholar
22American Diabetes Association, Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care 2001; 22: 381–96.Google Scholar
23Hale, D. Treating youths with type 2 diabetes. Clinical update. Pediatric Endocrinology 2001; 4(1): 1.Google Scholar
24Dietz, WH. Does hunger cause obesity? Pediatrics 1995; 95: 767–76.Google Scholar
25Khaodhiar, L, McCowen, KC, Blackburn, GL. Obesity and its comorbid conditions. Clinical Cornerstone 1999; 2: 1721.Google Scholar
26Siedell, JC. Societal and personal costs of obesity. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 1998; 106(Suppl. 2): 79.Google Scholar
27Food Research and Action Center. Update to the nutrition provisions of the new GOP welfare reform bills (HR 3732 and S 1795). Email received 16 07 1996.Google Scholar
28Kleinman, RE, Murphy, JM, Little, M, Pagano, M, Wehler, CA, Regal, K, et al. Hunger in children in the United States: potential behavioral and emotional correlates. Pediatrics 1998; 101(1): E3.Google Scholar
29Physician Task Force on Hunger in America. Hunger in America: The Growing Epidemic. Boston, MA: Harvard University School of Public Health, 1985.Google Scholar
30Dietz, W, Gortmaker, S. Preventing obesity in children and adolescents. Annual Review of Public Health 2001; 22: 337–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Luepker, R, Perry, C, McKinlay, S, Nadar, P, Parcel, G, Stone, E, et al. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Journal of the American Medical Association 1996; 275: 768–76.Google Scholar
32Sallis, J, McKenzie, T, Alcarez, J, Kolody, B, Faucette, N, Hovell, M. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. American Journal of Public Health 1997; 87: 1328–34.Google Scholar
33Snyder, P, Anliker, J, Cunningham-Sabo, L, Dizon, L, Altaha, J, Chamberlain, A, et al. The Pathways Study: a model for lowering the fat in school meals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 69(Suppl.): 810S–5S.Google Scholar
34Teufel, N, Perry, C, Story, M, Flint-Wagner, H, Levin, S, Clay, T, et al. Pathways family intervention for third-grade American Indian children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 69(Suppl.): 803S–9S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35US Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2001.Google Scholar
36Kreb, NF, Jacobson, MS. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2003; 112(2): 424–30.Google Scholar
37Barlow, SE, Dietz, WH. Obesity Evaluation and Treatment: Expert Committee Recommendations [online], 1998. Available at http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content.full.102/3/e29Google Scholar