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A chironomid-based reconstruction of summer temperatures in NW Iceland since AD 1650

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

P.G. Langdon ,
C.J. Caseldine ,
I.W. Croudace ,
S. Jarvis ,
S. Wastegård  and
T.C. Crowford
P.G. Langdon*
Affiliation:
School of Geography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
C.J. Caseldine
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
I.W. Croudace
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
S. Jarvis
Affiliation:
National Oceanography Centre Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
S. Wastegård
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
T.C. Crowford
Affiliation:
School of Geography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
*
⁎Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Few studies currently exist that aim to validate a proxy chironomid-temperature reconstruction with instrumental temperature measurements. We used a reconstruction from a chironomid percentage abundance data set to produce quantitative summer temperature estimates since AD 1650 for NW Iceland through a transfer function approach, and validated the record against instrumental temperature measurements from Stykkishólmur in western Iceland. The core was dated through Pb-210, Cs-137 and tephra analyses (Hekla 1693) which produced a well-constrained dating model across the whole study period. Little catchment disturbance, as shown through geochemical (Itrax) and loss-on-ignition data, throughout the period further reinforce the premise that the chironomids were responding to temperature and not other catchment or within-lake variables. Particularly cold phases were identified between AD 1683–1710, AD 1765–1780 and AD 1890–1917, with relative drops in summer temperatures in the order of 1.5–2°C. The timing of these cold phases agree well with other evidence of cooler temperatures, notably increased extent of Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciers. Our evidence suggests that the magnitude of summer temperature cooling (1.5–2°C) was enough to force LIA Icelandic glaciers into their maximum Holocene extent, which is in accordance with previous modelling experiments for an Icelandic ice cap (Langjökull).

Keywords

IcelandChironomidLittle Ice Age (LIA)Summer temperatureLake sediment
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 75 , Issue 3 , May 2011 , pp. 451 - 460
Copyright
University of Washington

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