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Climate Variability on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) during the Past 3500 Years, and Implications for Maya Cultural Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason H. Curtis ,
David A. Hodell  and
Mark Brenner
Jason H. Curtis
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
David A. Hodell
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
Mark Brenner
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, Florida, 32653
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Abstract

Climate variability on the Yucatan Peninsula during the past 3500 yrs is reconstructed from the measurement of δ18O in monospecific ostracods and gastropods in a 6.3-m sediment core from Lake Punta Laguna, Mexico. This late Holocene record is divided into three periods based on changes in mean δ18O values. From ∼3310 to ∼1785 14C yr B.P. (Period I), low mean δ18O values indicate relatively wet conditions (i.e., low evaporation to precipitation ratio, E/P). Mean oxygen isotopic values increased ∼1785 14C yr B.P., and the interval between ∼1785 and ∼930 14C yr B.P. (Period II) was distinctly drier than the periods before or after. The climate during the latter part of Period II was persistently dry, with exceptionally arid events centered at ∼1171, 1019, and 943 14C yr B.P. (equivalent to 862, 986, and 1051 A.D.). This interval of frequent drought was recorded at several other localities in Mexico and Central America, and coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. Following the last arid event, δ18O values decreased abruptly at ∼930 14C yr B.P. (beginning of Period III), signaling a return to wetter conditions that have generally prevailed to the present, with the exception of a dry episode centered at 559 14C yr B.P. (1391 A.D.). The paleoclimatic record from Punta Laguna provides evidence that multi-decadal and millennial-scale changes in E/Poccurred on the Yucatan Peninsula during the late Holocene. These wet/dry episodes may have influenced cultural evolution in Mesoamerica.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , July 1996 , pp. 37 - 47
Copyright
University of Washington

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