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Ecological variations in diatom assemblages in the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tatsuya Hayashi ,
Yoshihiro Tanimura ,
Yoshihiro Kuwahara ,
Masao Ohno ,
Mami Mampuku ,
Rie Fujii ,
Harutaka Sakai ,
Toshiro Yamanaka ,
Takeshi Maki  and
Masao Uchida
...Show all authors
Tatsuya Hayashi*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
Yoshihiro Tanimura
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
Yoshihiro Kuwahara
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Masao Ohno
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Mami Mampuku
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Rie Fujii
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Harutaka Sakai
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Toshiro Yamanaka
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Takeshi Maki
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
Masao Uchida
Affiliation:
Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
Wataru Yahagi
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Hideo Sakai
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
*
⁎Corresponding author. Fax: +81 3 3364 7104. E-mail address:hayashit@kahaku.go.jp (T. Hayashi).
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Abstract

Variations in fossil diatom assemblages and their relationship with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 yr were investigated using a core of ancient lake (Paleo-Kathmandu Lake) sediments drilled at the Kathmandu Basin, Nepal Himalaya. Chronological scales of the core were constructed by tuning pollen wet and dry index records to the SPECMAP δ18O stack record. Examinations of biogenic silica contents and fossil diatom assemblages revealed that variations in productivity and compositions of diatom assemblages were closely linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes on glacial and interglacial time scales. When summer monsoonal rainfall increased during interglacials (interstadials), diatom productivity increased because of increased inputs of terrestrial nutrients into the lake. When summer monsoonal rainfall reduced and/or winter monsoonal aridification enhanced during glacials (stadials), productivity of the diatoms decreased and lake-level falling brought about changes in compositions of diatom assemblages. Monospecific assemblages by unique Cyclotella kathmanduensis and Puncticulata versiformis appeared during about 590 to 390 ka. This might be attributed to evolutionary fine-tuning of diatom assemblages to specific lake environmental conditions. Additionally, low-amplitude precessional variations in monsoon climate and less lake-level changes may have also allowed both species to dominate over the long periods.

Keywords

Paleo-Kathmandu LakeNepal HimalayaMiddle to late PleistoceneIndian monsoonFossil diatomMonospecific diatom assemblageBiogenic silica contentProductivityComposition of diatom assemblage
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , November 2009 , pp. 377 - 387
Copyright
University of Washington

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