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Geoarchaeology of Holocene oasis formation, hydro-agricultural management and climate change in Masafi, southeast Arabia (UAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2019

Louise Purdue ,
Julien Charbonnier ,
Emmanuelle Régagnon ,
Carine Calastrenc ,
Thomas Sagory ,
Clément Virmoux ,
Mael Crépy ,
Sophie Costa  and
Anne Benoist
Louise Purdue*
Affiliation:
University Côte d'Azur, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), CEPAM (Cultures Environnements Préhistoire Antiquité Moyen Age), 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
Julien Charbonnier
Affiliation:
University Côte d'Azur, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), CEPAM (Cultures Environnements Préhistoire Antiquité Moyen Age), 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
Emmanuelle Régagnon
Affiliation:
CNRS, Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69 365 Lyon Cedex 7, France
Carine Calastrenc
Affiliation:
CNRS, Traces, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Thomas Sagory
Affiliation:
Musée d'Archéologie Nationale, Domaine National de Saint Germain en Laye, 78100 Saint Germain-en-Laye, France
Clément Virmoux
Affiliation:
CNRS, LGP (Laboratoire de Géographie Physique), 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92 195 Meudon, France
Mael Crépy
Affiliation:
CNRS, Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69 365 Lyon Cedex 7, France
Sophie Costa
Affiliation:
University Côte d'Azur, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), CEPAM (Cultures Environnements Préhistoire Antiquité Moyen Age), 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
Anne Benoist
Affiliation:
CNRS, Archéorient, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69 365 Lyon Cedex 7, France
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: Louise.purdue@cepam.cnrs.fr
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Abstract

Oases are subject to decreasing resources and changing human activities. Fully aware of their rich heritage, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have undertaken work to preserve and revitalize these oases. However, there is a clear lack of understanding of the dynamic links between climate change, hydraulic and agricultural management, and socioeconomic activities. To clarify these links, our team conducted a systematic geoarchaeological, geophysical, spatial, and chronological study of the Masafi oasis, UAE. Results indicate the existence of a natural humid area as early as the late Pleistocene (~18 cal ka BP). These conditions persist during the early-mid Holocene with drainage activation and soil development (~12–6.3 ka). During the late Holocene, after the emergence of the “artificial” oasis around ~3250 cal yr BP, cycles of intense management suggesting water availability (~3250–2380 cal yr BP; 550 cal yr BP) alternate with episodes of fluvial detritism (~2380–1870 cal yr BP; >550 cal yr BP) and scattered evidence of farming activities with complex hydroclimatic signatures (~2300–550 cal yr BP). These results, together with regional environmental data, indicate that water and soil resources were available and exploited strategically throughout the Holocene despite adverse climatic conditions, and the oasis of Masafi could have acted as a desert refugium.

Keywords

OasisAgricultureSoilWaterIrrigationClimateChronologyGeoarchaeologyUnited Arab EmiratesMasafi
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 92 , Issue 1 , July 2019 , pp. 109 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

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