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The Last Interglacial Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rose Marie L. Cline ,
James D. Hays ,
Warren L. Prell ,
William F. Ruddiman ,
Ted C. Moore ,
Nilva G. Kipp ,
Barbara E. Molfino ,
George H. Denton ,
Terence J. Hughes  and
William L. Balsam
...Show all authors
James D. Hays
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Warren L. Prell
Affiliation:
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
William F. Ruddiman
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Ted C. Moore
Affiliation:
Exxon, Stratigraphic Prediction Section, Houston, Texas 77001
Nilva G. Kipp
Affiliation:
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
Barbara E. Molfino
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
George H. Denton
Affiliation:
University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473
Terence J. Hughes
Affiliation:
University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473
William L. Balsam
Affiliation:
Southampton College, Southampton, New York 11968
Charlotte A. Brunner
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Jean-Claude Duplessy
Affiliation:
Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Laboratoire mixte CNRS-CEA, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
Ann G. Esmay
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
James L. Fastook
Affiliation:
University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473
John Imbrie
Affiliation:
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
Lloyd D. Keigwin
Affiliation:
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Thomas B. Kellogg
Affiliation:
University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473
Andrew McIntyre
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Robley K. Matthews
Affiliation:
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
Alan C. Mix
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Joseph J. Morley
Affiliation:
Lamont-doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
Nicholas J. Shackleton
Affiliation:
Godwin Laboratory, Free School Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RS, England
S. Stephen Streeter
Affiliation:
Chevron, Le Habra, California 90631
Peter R. Thompson
Affiliation:
Arco Oil & Gas Company, Dallas, Texas 75221
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Abstract

The final effort of the CLIMAP project was a study of the last interglaciation, a time of minimum ice volume some 122,000 yr ago coincident with the Substage 5e oxygen isotopic minimum. Based on detailed oxygen isotope analyses and biotic census counts in 52 cores across the world ocean, last interglacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) were compared with those today. There are small SST departures in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (warmer) and the Gulf of Mexico (cooler). The eastern boundary currents of the South Atlantic and Pacific oceans are marked by large SST anomalies in individual cores, but their interpretations are precluded by no-analog problems and by discordancies among estimates from different biotic groups. In general, the last interglacial ocean was not significantly different from the modern ocean. The relative sequencing of ice decay versus oceanic warming on the Stage 6/5 oxygen isotopic transition and of ice growth versus oceanic cooling on the Stage 5e/5d transition was also studied. In most of the Southern Hemisphere, the oceanic response marked by the biotic census counts preceded (led) the global ice-volume response marked by the oxygen-isotope signal by several thousand years. The reverse pattern is evident in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, where the oceanic response lagged that of global ice volume by several thousand years. As a result, the very warm temperatures associated with the last interglaciation were regionally diachronous by several thousand years. These regional lead-lag relationships agree with those observed on other transitions and in long-term phase relationships; they cannot be explained simply as artifacts of bioturbational translations of the original signals.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , February 1984 , pp. 123 - 224
Copyright
University of Washington

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