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Paleofire reconstruction for high-elevation forests in the Sierra Nevada, California, with implications for wildfire synchrony and climate variability in the late Holocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Douglas J. Hallett  and
R. Scott Anderson
Douglas J. Hallett*
Affiliation:
Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
R. Scott Anderson
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Bilby Research Center Box 5694, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.E-mail address:hallettd@ucalgary.ca (D.J. Hallett).
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Abstract

Here, we present two high-resolution records of macroscopic charcoal from high-elevation lake sites in the Sierra Nevada, California, and evaluate the synchroneity of fire response for east- and west-side subalpine forests during the past 9200 yr. Charcoal influx was low between 11,200 and 8000 cal yr BP when vegetation consisted of sparse Pinus-dominated forest and montane chaparral shrubs. High charcoal influx after 8000 cal yr BP marks the arrival of Tsuga mertensiana and Abies magnifica, and a higher-than-present treeline that persisted into the mid-Holocene. Coeval decreases in fire episode frequency coincide with neoglacial advances and lower treeline in the Sierra Nevada after 3800 cal yr BP. Independent fire response occurs between 9200 and 5000 cal yr BP, and significant synchrony at 100- to 1000-yr timescales emerges between 5000 cal yr BP and the present, especially during the last 2500 yr. Indistinguishable fire-return interval distributions and synchronous fires show that climatic control of fire became increasingly important during the late Holocene. Fires after 1200 cal yr BP are often synchronous and corroborate with inferred droughts. Holocene fire activity in the high Sierra Nevada is driven by changes in climate linked to insolation and appears to be sensitive to the dynamics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.

Keywords

CharcoalForest fireSynchronyClimate changeRipley K functionSierra NevadaSnowpackDroughtWeibull distribution
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 73 , Issue 2 , March 2010 , pp. 180 - 190
Copyright
University of Washington

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