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Paleomagnetic observations from lake sediments on Samosir Island, Toba caldera, Indonesia, and its late Pleistocene resurgence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2020

Katharine E. Solada Open the ORCID record for Katharine E. Solada [Opens in a new window] ,
Brendan T. Reilly Open the ORCID record for Brendan T. Reilly [Opens in a new window] ,
Joseph S. Stoner ,
Shanaka L. de Silva ,
Adonara E. Mucek ,
Robert G. Hatfield Open the ORCID record for Robert G. Hatfield [Opens in a new window] ,
Indyo Pratomo ,
Rendi Jamil  and
Baskoro Setianto
Katharine E. Solada*
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA
Brendan T. Reilly
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California92037, USA
Joseph S. Stoner
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA
Shanaka L. de Silva
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA
Adonara E. Mucek
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA
Robert G. Hatfield
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, USA Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, USA
Indyo Pratomo
Affiliation:
Geological Agency of Indonesia, JL. Diponegoro No. 57, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Rendi Jamil
Affiliation:
Geological Agency of Indonesia, JL. Diponegoro No. 57, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Baskoro Setianto
Affiliation:
Geological Agency of Indonesia, JL. Diponegoro No. 57, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: soladak@oregonstate.edu (K.E. Solada).
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Abstract

Approximately 74 ka, Toba caldera in Sumatra, Indonesia, erupted in one of the most catastrophic supereruptions in Earth's history. Resurgent uplift of the caldera floor raised Samosir Island 700 m above Lake Toba, exposing valuable lake sediments. To constrain sediment chronology, we collected 173 discrete paleomagnetic 8 cm3 cubes and 15 radiocarbon samples from six sections across the island. Bulk organic 14C ages provide an initial chronostratigraphic framework ranging from ~12 to 46 ka. Natural and laboratory magnetizations were studied using alternating field demagnetization. A generally well-defined primary magnetization is isolated using principal component analysis. Comparison of inclination, and to a lesser degree declination, across independently dated sections suggests paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) is recorded. Average inclination of −6° is more negative than a geocentric axial dipole would predict, but consistent with an eastward extension of the negative inclination anomaly observed in the western equatorial Pacific. The 14C- and PSV-derived age model constrains resurgent uplift, confirming faster uplift rates to the east and slower rates to the west, while suggesting that fault blocks moved differentially from each other within a generally trapdoor-type configuration.

Keywords

Toba calderaSamosir IslandResurgenceUplift styleUplift ratesRadiocarbonChronostratigraphyPaleomagnetic secular variationWestern equatorial PacificLake sediment
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 95 , May 2020 , pp. 97 - 112
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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