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Past human populations and landscapes in the Fuegian Archipelago, southernmost South America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2019

Ivana Laura Ozán  and
María Cecilia Pallo
Ivana Laura Ozán*
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
María Cecilia Pallo
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: ivanalozan@gmail.com
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Abstract

This contribution discusses possible relationships between human populations and Holocene environmental deterioration phenomena (cold/arid pulses and volcanic eruptions) in the Fuegian Archipelago (South America), based on summed probability distributions of archaeological dates, paleoenvironmental information, geospatial data, and archaeological evidence. During the first millennia after peopling, only the Hudson (ca. 7700 cal yr BP) and the first Monte Burney (ca. 8600 cal yr BP) eruptions might have played a role in human dispersion. Particularly, a more intense human occupation around the Beagle Channel and long-distance interactions are proposed as risk-buffer strategies related to the Hudson eruption. A cooling phase and a demographic growth at ca. 5500 cal yr BP might have favored more dispersed spatial occupations and a subsistence diversification in the Beagle Channel. In the northern steppes, the second Monte Burney eruption (ca. 4300 cal yr BP) and an arid episode (ca. 2600 cal yr BP) are proposed as the main triggers for changes in land-use patterns, long-network interactions, and subsistence strategies. Even though occupation changes in the Fuegian Archipelago coexist with environmental deterioration episodes after 1500 cal yr BP, demographic processes and the European colonization most likely explain this trend. Similarities between the steppe/ecotone and forest occupation curves suggest common behavioral patterns across the Holocene.

Keywords

Fuegian ArchipelagoHoloceneForestSteppe/ecotoneEnvironment deteriorationArchaeologyHunter-gatherersRisk-buffer strategies
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , September 2019 , pp. 304 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

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