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AMS Dates of New Maize Specimens Found in Rock Shelters of the Tehuacan Valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2018

Esperanza Torres-Rodríguez ,
Miguel Vallebueno-Estrada ,
Javier Martínez González ,
Angel García Cook ,
Rafael Montiel  and
Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
Esperanza Torres-Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, México
Miguel Vallebueno-Estrada
Affiliation:
Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, México Grupo de Interacción Núcleo-Mitocondrial y Paleogenómica, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, México
Javier Martínez González
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, CP 06100 Mexico DF, Mexico
Angel García Cook
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, CP 06100 Mexico DF, Mexico
Rafael Montiel
Affiliation:
Grupo de Interacción Núcleo-Mitocondrial y Paleogenómica, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, México
Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada*
Affiliation:
Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, México
*
*Corresponding author. Email: vielle@cinvestav.mx.
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Abstract

A large collection of maize macro-specimens has been gathered from archaeological sites across the American continent, but only a few have been directly dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We recently conducted two new excavations in several rock shelters of Tehuacán valley (San Marcos, Coxcatlán, and Purrón) and uncovered 132 non-manipulated macro-specimens of maize suitable for morphological and paleogenomic analysis, including many complete cobs, stalks, internodes, and leaves. Direct AMS dates for 43 samples found in San Marcos or Coxcatlán confirm the previously reported chronologies for these sites. By contrast, a cob found in Purrón was dated to 3060±30 before present (3360–3180 cal BP) (2σ), demonstrating that maize was present at that site at least 1500 calendar years earlier than previously expected, and suggesting that other specimens of similar age are still likely to be found in the southeastern region of the Tehuacán valley. A global comparison of macro-specimen chronology across the continent shows that the current archaebotanical record does not yet reflect the chronology of dispersal from central Mexico to northern or southern regions, opening the possibility for finding the missing links in subsequent expeditions within Mexico and Central America.

Keywords

cobmaizeCoxcatlánPurrónSan MarcosTehuacán
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 975 - 987
Copyright
© 2018 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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