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Are Coral Clasts from a Turbid Near-Shore Reef Environment a Suitable Material for Radiocarbon Analysis?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2016

Pauline Gulliver ,
Suzanne Palmer ,
Chris Perry  and
Scott Smithers
Pauline Gulliver*
Affiliation:
NERC Radiocarbon Facility-East Kilbride, SUERC, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 OQF, United Kingdom
Suzanne Palmer
Affiliation:
Department of Geography and Geology, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
Chris Perry
Affiliation:
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 EPS, United Kingdom
Scott Smithers
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
*
Corresponding author. Email: Pauline.Gulliver@glasgow.ac.uk.
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Abstract

Use of coral skeletons to determine growth histories of reefs situated in warm, clear tropical waters is well established. Recently, however, there has been increasing awareness of the significance of reefs occurring in environments that are considered as marginal for coral growth, such as turbid inshore settings characterized by episodes of elevated turbidity, low light penetration, and periodic sediment burial. While these conditions are generally considered as limiting for coral growth, coral reefs in these settings can exhibit high live coral cover and species diversity, and thus can be both ecologically and geologically significant. Turbid-zone reefs are also commonly concentrated along eroding shorelines with many analogues to erosional shorelines developed during the Holocene transgression. A growing number of studies of these previously undocumented reefs reveal that the reef deposits are detrital in nature, comprising a framework dominated by reef rubble and coral clasts and set within a fine-grained terrigenous sediment matrix. In addition to the recognized effects of diagenesis or algal encrustations on the radiocarbon signature of coral samples, episodic high-energy events may rework sediments and can result in age reversals in the same stratigraphic unit. As in other reef settings, the possibility of such reworking can complicate the reconstruction of turbid-zone reef growth chronologies. In order to test the accuracy of dating coral clasts for developing growth histories of these reef deposits, 5 replicate samples from 5 separate coral clasts were taken from 2 sedimentary units in a core collected from Paluma Shoals, an inshore turbid-zone reef located in Halifax Bay, central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Results show that where care is taken to screen the clasts for skeletal preservation, primary mineralogical structures, and δ13C values indicative of marine carbonate, then reliable 14C dates can be recovered from individual turbid reef coral samples. In addition, the results show that these individual clasts were deposited coevally.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 55 , Issue 2: Proceedings of the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference (Part 1 of 2) , 2013 , pp. 624 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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