Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T00:46:19.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE NEEDLES EXPOSED TO MULTI-SOURCE POLLUTION IN SILESIA: RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATION IN PINE NEEDLES AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDLES’ SURFACE DEPOSITS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2022

Barbara Sensuła Open the ORCID record for Barbara Sensuła [Opens in a new window] ,
Bartłomiej Toroń ,
Joanna Rocznik ,
Agnieszka Sasiela ,
Jakub Świątkowski  and
Aleksandra Tomaszowska
Barbara Sensuła*
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
Bartłomiej Toroń
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
Joanna Rocznik
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
Agnieszka Sasiela
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
Jakub Świątkowski
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
Aleksandra Tomaszowska
Affiliation:
The Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education, Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
*
*Corresponding author. Email: barbara.sensula@polsl.pl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We present here the analysis of the radiocarbon concentration and the components deposited on 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. needles collected in 2021, which were exposed to air contaminants for approximately two years. The needles were collected from seven sampling sites located near roads, households, and industrial factories in Silesia, the most industrialized part of Poland. The radiocarbon concentration was investigated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to quantitatively analyze the elements deposited on the surface of pine needles. The depletion of the radiocarbon concentration in pine needles relative to clean air was observed at most of the investigated sites. Although it has been observed that in the research area, the fossil fuel CO2 emission ranging from 0.4 to 3%, we cannot exclude that Suess effect may be underestimated due to biomass burning and mixing of the 14CO2 origin from different sources. A significant amount of silicon, nitrogen, and sulfur was commonly found in samples, Metal elements of Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, and K were also present in most samples. Heavier elements of Fe and Ti were present in higher concentrations only in needles obtained from sites nearer to the heat and power plant in Łaziska Górne.

Keywords

EDSLSCpine needlespollutionSEMsurface characterization
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 64 , Issue 6: 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference Gliwice, Poland, July 5–9, 2021 , December 2022 , pp. 1333 - 1344
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference, Gliwice, Poland, 5–9 July 2021

References

REFERENCES

Baydoun, R, Samad, O, Nsouli, B, Youness, G. 2015. Seasonal variations of radiocarbon content in plant leaves in a 14C depleted area. Radiocarbon 57(3):389–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, D, Lee, J-H, Lee, S-Y, Park, K-W, Shim, K-Y. 2021. Efficacy of pine needles as bioindicators of air pollution in Incheon, South Korea. Atmospheric Pollution Research 12(5):101063. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmenegger, L, Leuenberger, M, Steinbacher, M, ICOS RI, 2021. ICOS ATC/CAL 14C Release, Jungfraujoch (10.0 m), 2016-01-04–2019-08-12, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/JjmhH4pUyWlbqTAAx4x54deg.Google Scholar
Eriksson, G, Jensen, S, Kylin, H, Strachan, W. 1989. The pine needle as a monitor of atmospheric pollution. Nature 341:42–44. doi: 10.1007/s13762-018-2096-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankel, RS, Aitken, DW. 1970. Energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 24(6):557–566. doi: 10.1366/000370270774372308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, JI, Newbury, DE, Michael, JR, Ritchie, NWM, Scott, JHJ, Joy, DC. 2017. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gope, S, Dawn, S, Das, SS. 2021. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air quality: a study based on air quality index. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28:35564–35583. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14462-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorczyca, Z, Kuc, T, Różański, K. 2013. Concentration of radiocarbon in soil-respired CO2 flux: data-model comparison for three different ecosystems in southern Poland. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1521–1532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, S, Levin, I. 2017. Monthly mean atmospheric 14CO2 at Jungfraujochand Schauinsland from 1986 to 2016 [data set, www document]. University Library Heidelberg. doi: 10.11588/data/10100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hua, Q, Barbetti, M, Rakowski, AZ. 2013. Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2010. Radiocarbon 55:2059–2072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juranović Cindrić, I, Zeiner, M, Starčević, A, Stingeder, G. 2019. Metals in pine needles: characterisation of bioindicators depending on species. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16:4339–4346. doi: 10.1007/s13762-018-2096-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molnár, M, Bujtás, T, Svingor, É, Futó, I, Světlík, I. 2007. Monitoring of atmospheric excess 14C around Paks nuclear power plant, Hungary. Radiocarbon 49:1031–1043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mook, W, van der Plicht, J. 1999. Reporting 14C activities and concentrations. Radiocarbon 41(3):227–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ndeye, M, Sene, M, Diop, D, Saliege, JF. 2017. Anthropogenic CO2 in the Dakar (Senegal) urban area deduced from C-14 concentration in tree leaves. Radiocarbon 59(3):1009–1019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parzych, A, Jonczak, J. 2014. Pine needles (Pinus Sylvestris L.) as bioindicators in the assessment of urban environmental contamination with heavy metals. Journal of Ecological Engineering 15(3):29–38. doi: 10.12911/22998993.1109119 Google Scholar
Pawlyta, J, Pazdur, A, Rakowski, AZ, Miller, BF, Harkness, DD. 1998. Commissioning of a Quantulus 1220TM liquid scintillation beta spectrometer for measuring 14C and 3H at natural abundance levels. Radiocarbon 40(1):201–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pazdur, A, Kuc, T, Pawełczyk, S, Piotrowska, N, Sensuła, BM, Różański, K. 2013. Carbon isotope composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide in southern Poland: imprint of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in regional biosphere. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):848–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pöykiö, R, Torvela, H. 2001. Pine needles (Pinus Sylvestris) as a bioindicator of sulphur and heavy metal deposition in the area around a pulp and paper mill complex at Kemi, northern Finland. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 79(2):143–154. doi: 10.1080/03067310108035906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, PJ, Brown, TA, Reimer, RW 2004. Discussion: reporting and calibration of post-bomb 14C data. Radiocarbon 46(3):1299–1304.Google Scholar
Rozanski, K. 1991. Consultants’ group meeting on 14C reference materials for radiocarbon laboratories. February 18–20, 1991, Vienna, Austria. IAEA Internal Report. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.Google Scholar
Sensuła, B, Fagel, N, Michczyński, A. 2021. Radiocarbon, trace elements and Pb isotope composition of pine needles from a highly industrialized region in southern Poland. Radiocarbon 63(2):713–726. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2020.132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sensuła, B, Michczyński, A, Piotrowska, N, Wilczyński, S. 2018. Anthropogenic CO2 emission records in Scots pine growing in the most industrialized region of Poland from 1975 to 2014. Radiocarbon 60(4):1041–1053. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2018.59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sensuła, B, Toroń, B. 2019. Bio-monitoring of the industrial forest area nearbay Łaziska Power Station (Poland): distribution of the contamination of the surface of the scots pine needles. In: Wójtowicz, AA, Marciszuk, K, editor. European Society for Isotope Research Isotope Workshop XV. ESIR 2019, Lublin, Poland, June 23–27, 2019. Book of abstracts. Warsaw: Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute. p. 137–143. Available online: https://esir.org.pl/2019/ESIR2019_big.pdf.Google Scholar
Sensuła, B, Toroń, B, Piotrowska, N. 2019. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of trace elements deposition on the pine foliage. In: Adamiec G, Pazdur A, Michczyńska D, Poręba G, editors. Methods of absolute chronology. 13th International Conference, 5–7 June 2019, Tarnowskie Góry, Poland. Abstracts and programme. Gliwice: Institute of Physics – CSE. Silesian University of Technology. p. 118–119.Google Scholar
Sensuła, B, Wilczynski, S, Opala, M. 2015. Tree growth and climate relationship: dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) growing in the near-source region of the combined heat and power plant during the development of the pro-ecological strategy in Poland. Water Air and Soil Pollution 226(7), article 220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sensuła, B, Wilczyński, S, Toroń, B, Piotrowska, N. 2020. Biomonitoring obszarów przemysłowych Śląska—zastosowanie metod dendrochronologicznych, spektrometrycznych i mikroskopowych w badaniach drzewostanów sosnowych w pobliżu elektrociepłowni w Łaziskach Górnych. In: Pikoń K, Bogacka M, editors. Współczesne Problemy Ochrony Środowiska i Energetyki 2019. Gliwice: Katedra Technologii i Urządzeń Zagospodarowania Odpadów. p. 131–135. (in Polish) Available online: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YGxjDGRhAvJFOh-VX63lH-FETLHJmsD1/view.Google Scholar
Staszewski, T, Godzik, S, Poborski, P. 1994. Physico-chemical characteristics of pine needle surfaces exposed to different air pollution sources. In: Percy, KE, Cape, J, Jagels, R, Simpson, CJ, editors. Air pollutants and the leaf cuticle. Berlin: Springer. p. 341–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, H. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19:355–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suess, HE. 1955. Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood. Science 122(3166):415–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szwed, M, Żukowski, W, Kozłowski, R. 2021. The presence of selected elements in the microscopic image of pine needles as an effect of cement and lime pressure within the region of Białe Zagłębie (central Europe). Toxics 9:15. doi: 10.3390/toxics9010015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turnbull, J, Keller, E, Baisden, T, Brailsford, G, Bromley, T, Norris, M, Zondervan, A. 2013. Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO2 emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions: 14,501–15,014.Google Scholar
van der Plicht, J, Hogg, A. 2006. A note on reporting radiocarbon. Quaternary Geochronology 1(4):237–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar