Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:00:22.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sources of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Two Small Streams with Different Bedrock Geology: Insights from Carbon Isotopes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Naoto F Ishikawa ,
Ichiro Tayasu ,
Masako Yamane ,
Yusuke Yokoyama ,
Saburo Sakai  and
Naohiko Ohkouchi
Naoto F Ishikawa*
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Ichiro Tayasu
Affiliation:
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047 Japan
Masako Yamane
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Yusuke Yokoyama
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Saburo Sakai
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Naohiko Ohkouchi
Affiliation:
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
*
2.Corresponding author. Email: ishikawan@jamstec.go.jp.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Radiocarbon natural abundances (Δ14C) are being increasingly used to trace carbon cycling in stream ecosystems. To understand the ultimate sources of carbon, we determined the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and Δ14C values of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC, respectively) and of particulate organic carbon (POC) in two small streams in central Japan, one of which flows over limestone bedrock (Seri) and the other does not (Fudoji). Investigations over four seasons revealed that the Δ14C values of the DIC (from −238‰ to −174‰ for Seri and −23‰ to +10‰ for Fudoji) were less variable than those of the other carbon fractions (DOC: from −400‰ to −138‰ for Seri and −2‰ to +103‰ for Fudoji; POC: from −164‰ to −60‰ for Seri and −55‰ to +37‰ for Fudoji). Based on mass balance calculations using the δ13C and Δ14C values, the proportions of carbon in the DIC originated from (1) atmospheric CO2 were 47% to 57% for Seri and 74% to 90% for Fudoji, (2) organic matter degradation were 29% to 35% for Seri and 4% to 21% for Fudoji, and (3) carbonate rock were 14% to 22% for Seri and 4% to 6% for Fudoji. We compared the results with previous studies that had been conducted in larger rivers and showed that in small streams, the dissolution of atmospheric CO2 and weathering of carbonate rock are more important factors in the carbon cycling than the biological degradation of organic matter.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , 2015 , pp. 439 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asano, Y, Uchida, T, Ohte, N. 2002. Residence times and flow paths of water in steep unchannelled catchments, Tanakami, Japan. Journal of Hydrology 261(1):173–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ascough, PL, Cook, GT, Hastie, H, Dunbar, E, Church, MJ, Einarsson, Á, McGovern, TH, Dugmore, AJ. 2011. An Icelandic freshwater radiocarbon reservoir effect: implications for lacustrine 14C chronologies. The Holocene 21(7):1073–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butman, DE, Wilson, HF, Barnes, RT, Xenopoulos, MA, Raymond, PA. 2015. Increased mobilization of aged carbon to rivers by human disturbance. Nature Geoscience 8(2):112–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caraco, N, Bauer, JE, Cole, JJ, Petsch, S, Raymond, P. 2010. Millennial-aged organic carbon subsidies to a modern river food web. Ecology 91(8):2385–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fellman, JB, Spencer, RGM, Raymond, PA, Pettit, NE, Skrzypek, G, Hernes, PJ, Grierson, PF. 2014. Dissolved organic carbon biolability decreases along with its modernization in fluvial networks in an ancient landscape. Ecology 95(9):2622–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, R, Dreves, A, Nadeau, MJ, Grootes, PM. 2013. A freshwater lake saga: carbon routing within the aquatic food web of Lake Schwerin. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1102–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlay, JC. 2003. Controls of streamwater dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in a forested watershed. Biogeochemistry 62(3):231–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, L, Macdonald, RW. 2006. Source and transport of terrigenous organic matter in the upper Yukon River: evidence from isotope (δ13C, Δ14C, and δ15N) composition of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate phases. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20:GB2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, NF, Uchida, M, Shibata, Y, Tayasu, I. 2012. Natural 14C provides new data for stream food-web studies: a comparison with 13C in multiple stream habitats. Marine and Freshwater Research 63(3):210–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, NF, Hyodo, F, Tayasu, I. 2013. Use of 13C and 14C natural abundances for stream food web studies. Ecological Research 28(5):759–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, NF, Uchida, M, Shibata, Y, Tayasu, I. 2014. Carbon storage reservoirs in watersheds support stream food webs via periphyton production. Ecology 95(5):1264–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keeling, CD, Piper, SC, Bacastow, RB, Wahlen, M, Whorf, TP, Heimann, M, Meijer, HA. 2005. Atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 exchange with the terrestrial biosphere and oceans from 1978 to 2000: observations and carbon cycle implications. In: Ehleringer, JR, Cerling, TE, Dearing, MD, editors. A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. New York: Springer. p 83–113.Google Scholar
Keaveney, EM, Reimer, PJ. 2012. Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets: a cautionary tale. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(5):1306–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitagawa, H, Masuzawa, T, Nakamura, T, Matsumoto, E. 1993. A batch preparation method for graphite targets with low background for AMS 14C measurements. Radiocarbon 35(2):295–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Naegler, T, Kromer, B, Dieh, M, Francey, RJ, Gomez-Pelaez, AJ, Steele, LP, Wagenbach, D, Weller, R, Worthy, DE. 2010. Observations and modelling of the global distribution and long-term trend of atmospheric 14CO2 . Tellus B 62(1):26–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marín-Spiotta, E, Gruley, KE, Crawford, J, Atkinson, EE, Miesel, JR, Greene, S, Cardona-Correa, C, Spencer, RGM. 2014. Paradigm shifts in soil organic matter research affect interpretations of aquatic carbon cycling: transcending disciplinary and ecosystem boundaries. Biogeochemistry 117(2–3):279–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marschner, B, Brodowski, S, Dreves, A, Gleixner, G, Gude, A, Grootes, PM, Hamer, U, Heim, A, Jandl, G, Ji, R, Kaiser, K, Kalbitz, K, Kramer, C, Leinweber, P, Rethemeyer, J, Schäffer, A, Schmidt, MWI, Schwark, L, Wiesenberg, GL. 2008. How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils? Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171(1):91–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, EE, Ingalls, AE, Richey, JE, Keil, RG, Santos, GM, Truxal, LT, Alin, SR, Druffel, ER. 2013. Age of riverine carbon suggests rapid export of terrestrial primary production in tropics. Geophysical Research Letters 40(21):5687–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayorga, E, Aufdenkampe, AK, Masiello, CA, Krusche, AV, Hedges, JI, Quay, PD, Richey, JE, Brown, TA. 2005. Young organic matter as a source of carbon dioxide outgassing from Amazonian rivers. Nature 436(7050):538–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCallister, SL, del Giorgio, PA. 2012. Evidence for the respiration of ancient terrestrial organic C in northern temperate lakes and streams. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109(42):16,963–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miyajima, T, Yamada, Y, Hanba, YT, Yoshii, K, Koitabashi, T, Wada, E. 1995. Determining the stable isotope ratio of total dissolved inorganic carbon in lake water by GC/C/IRMS. Limnology and Oceanography 40(5):994–1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostapenia, AP, Parparov, A, Berman, T. 2009. Lability of organic carbon in lakes of different trophic status. Freshwater Biology 54(6):1312–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, SM, Hope, D, Billett, MF, Dawson, JJ, Bryant, CL. 2001. Sources of organic and inorganic carbon in a headwater stream: evidence from carbon isotope studies. Biogeochemistry 52(3):321–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, BJ, Fry, B. 1987. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18:293–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, LN, Busenberg, E. 1982. The solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, and an evaluation of the aqueous model for the system CaCO3-CO2-H2O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46(6):1011–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, PA, Bauer, JE. 2001. Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 409(6819):497–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raymond, PA, Hopkinson, CS. 2003. Ecosystem modulation of dissolved carbon age in a temperate marsh-dominated estuary. Ecosystems 6(7):694705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, PA, Bauer, JE, Caraco, NF, Cole, JJ, Longworth, B, Petsch, ST. 2004. Controls on the variability of organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon ages in northeast US rivers. Marine Chemistry 92(1):353–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, DC, Newbold, JD, Aufdenkampe, AK, Taylor, PG, Kaplan, LA. 2013. Measuring heterotrophic respiration rates of suspended particulate organic carbon from stream ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 11:247–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakai, S, Kano, A, Abe, K. 2009. Origin, glacial-interglacial responses, and controlling factors of a cold-water coral mound in NE Atlantic. Paleoceanography 24(2):PA2213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tayasu, I, Hirasawa, R, Ogawa, NO, Ohkouchi, N, Yamada, K. 2011. New organic reference materials for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio measurements provided by Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University and Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. Limnology 12(3):261–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yokoyama, Y, Koizumi, M, Matsuzaki, H, Miyairi, Y, Ohkouchi, N. 2010. Developing ultra small-scale radiocarbon sample measurement at the University of Tokyo. Radiocarbon 52(2):310–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J, Quay, PD, Wilbur, DO. 1995. Carbon isotope fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO2 . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(1):107–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zigah, PK, Minor, EC, Abdulla, HA, Werne, JP, Hatcher, PG. 2014. An investigation of size-fractionated organic matter from Lake Superior and a tributary stream using radiocarbon, stable isotopes and NMR. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 127:264–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar