Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:53:26.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

STUDY OF BIO-BASED CARBON FRACTIONS IN TIRES AND THEIR PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2022

Komal Aziz Gill Open the ORCID record for Komal Aziz Gill [Opens in a new window] ,
Danuta J Michczyńska Open the ORCID record for Danuta J Michczyńska [Opens in a new window] ,
Adam Michczyński Open the ORCID record for Adam Michczyński [Opens in a new window] ,
Natalia Piotrowska Open the ORCID record for Natalia Piotrowska [Opens in a new window] ,
Marzena Kłusek Open the ORCID record for Marzena Kłusek [Opens in a new window] ,
Klaudia Końska ,
Krzysztof Wróblewski ,
Marie-Josée Nadeau  and
Martin Seiler Open the ORCID record for Martin Seiler [Opens in a new window]
Komal Aziz Gill*
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopic Research, Gliwice, Poland
Danuta J Michczyńska
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopic Research, Gliwice, Poland
Adam Michczyński
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopic Research, Gliwice, Poland
Natalia Piotrowska
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopic Research, Gliwice, Poland
Marzena Kłusek
Affiliation:
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopic Research, Gliwice, Poland
Klaudia Końska
Affiliation:
Contec inc., al. Jerozolimskie 142a, 02-305 Warszawa, Poland
Krzysztof Wróblewski
Affiliation:
Contec inc., al. Jerozolimskie 142a, 02-305 Warszawa, Poland
Marie-Josée Nadeau
Affiliation:
The National Laboratory for Age Determination, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
Martin Seiler
Affiliation:
The National Laboratory for Age Determination, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
*
*Corresponding author. Email: komal.aziz@polsl.pl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Wasted tires are the great source of fuel and valuable components but could be a cause of environmental and land pollution. This study shows the detailed method for the determination of radiocarbon isotope (14C) concentration in tires and their pyrolysis products. Samples are taken from truck and passenger car tires in the form of shredded rubber, pyrolysis oil and recovered carbon black. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques were used for the investigation at Gliwice Radiocarbon and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, and National Laboratory for Age Determination, Trondheim, Norway. The results are in good agreement. Radiocarbon concentration of the rubber varies significantly because of its complex structure and composition within the tires. The 14C concentration values were found to be higher in pyrolytic oil compared to rubber, and greater in truck tires rather than car tires.

Keywords

bio-based carbon content14C isotope concentrationpyrolysisradiocarbon methodswaste tires
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 64 , Issue 6: 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference Gliwice, Poland, July 5–9, 2021 , December 2022 , pp. 1457 - 1469
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 3rd Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference, Gliwice, Poland, 5–9 July 2021

References

REFERENCES

APSnet. 2021. What’s in a tire: U.S. Tire Manufactureres Associassion; [access date: 26-10-2021]. https://www.Ustires.Org/whats-tire-0.Google Scholar
CIO. 2022. Reference radiocarbon values for 100% biogenic carbon (14Cbio) based on atmospheric 14CO2; [access date: 12-06-2022]. https://www.Rug.Nl/research/centre-for-isotope-research/customers/tools/reference-radiocarbon-values-palstra-and-meijer?Lang=en.Google Scholar
Continental. 2022. Tyre mixture. What’s in your tyres?; [access date: 12-06-2022]. https://www.Continental-tyres.Co.Uk/car/all-about-tyres/tyre-essentials/tyre-mixture.Google Scholar
De Marco Rodriguez, I, Laresgoiti, M, Cabrero, M, Torres, A, Chomon, M, Caballero, B. 2001. Pyrolysis of scrap tyres. Fuel Processing Technology 72(1):9–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Directive. 1999. Council directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste; [access date: 17-09-2021]; https://eur-lex.Europa.Eu/legal-content/en/auto/?Uri=celex:31999l0031. Official Journal L 182, 16/07/1999 P 0001-0019.Google Scholar
Directive. 2000. Directive 2000/53/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 18 September 2000 on end-of-life vehicles; [accessed date: 17-09-2021]; http://data.Europa.Eu/eli/dir/2000/53/oj. Official Journal L 269, 21/10/2000 P 0034-0043.Google Scholar
Directive. 2018. Directive (EU) 2018/850 of the European parliament and of the council of 30 May 2018 amending directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste; [accessed date; 17-09-2021]; http://data.Europa.Eu/eli/dir/2018/850/oj. OJ L 150, 1462018. p. 100–108.Google Scholar
EN16640. 2017. Bio-based products—biobased carbon content—determination of the bio-based carbon content using the radiocarbon method. Polski komitet normalizacyjny, Warszawa.Google Scholar
ETRma. 2021. Eurprean tyre and rubber manufactures association; [access date: 8-11-2021] https://www.Etrma.Org/library/europe-91-of-all-end-of-life-tyres-collected-and-treated-in-2018/.Google Scholar
Goslar, T, Czernik, J, Goslar, E. 2004. Low-energy 14C AMS in Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory, Poland. Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials Atoms 223:5–11.Google Scholar
Hajdas, I, Ascough, P, Garnett, MH, Fallon, SJ, Pearson, CL, Quarta, G, Spalding, KL, Yamaguchi, H, Yoneda, M. 2021. Radiocarbon dating. Nature Reviews Methods Primers 1(1):1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haverly, MR, Fenwick, SR, Patterson, FP, Slade, DA. 2019. Biobased carbon content quantification through AMS radiocarbon analysis of liquid fuels. Fuel 237:1108–1111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hua, Q, Turnbull, JC, Santos, GM, Rakowski, AZ, Ancapichún, S, De Pol-Holz, R, Hammer, S, Lehman, SJ, Levin, I, Miller, JB. 2021. Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2019. Radiocarbon. p. 1–23.Google Scholar
Kaminsky, W, Mennerich, C. 2001. Pyrolysis of synthetic tire rubber in a fluidised-bed reactor to yield 1, 3-butadiene, styrene and carbon black. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 58:803–811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krajcar Bronić, I, Barešić, J, Horvatinčić, N. 2015. Determination of biogenic component in waste and liquid fuels by the 14C method. http://isrp13.Ustc.Edu.Cn/dct/page/1.Google Scholar
Krajcar Bronić, I, Barešić, J, Horvatinčić, N, Sironić, A. 2017. Determination of biogenic component in liquid fuels by the 14C direct LSC method by using quenching properties of modern liquids for calibration. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 137:248–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyari, M, Cunliffe, A, Williams, PT. 2005. Characterization of oils, gases, and char in relation to the pyrolysis of different brands of scrap automotive tires. Energy and Fuels 19(3):1165–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oinonen, M, Hakanpää-Laitinen, H, Hämäläinen, K, Kaskela, A, Jungner, H. 2010. Biofuel proportions in fuels by AMS radiocarbon method. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials. 268(7–8):1117–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olazar, M, Lopez, G, Arabiourrutia, M, Elordi, G, Aguado, R, Bilbao, J. 2008. Kinetic modelling of tyre pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 81(1):127–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palstra, SW, Meijer, HA. 2018. Poster presentation: “Atmospheric 14CO2 data sets from dutch monitoring stations Smilde (1995-2003) and Lutjewad (2002-present)”, 14C Conference, June 2018, Trondheim, Norway.Google Scholar
Pawlyta, J, Pazdur, A, Rakowski, AZ, Miller, BF, Harkness, DD. 1997. Commissioning of a Quantulus 1220™ liquid scintillation beta spectrometer for measuring 14C and 3H at natural abundance levels. Radiocarbon 40(1):201–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pazdur, A, Fogtman, M, Michczyński, A, Pawlyta, J. 2003. Precision of 14C dating in Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory FIRI programme. Geochronometria 22(1):27–40.Google Scholar
Pehlken, A, Essadiqi, E. 2005. Scrap tire recycling in Canada. Canmet Materials Technology Laboratory. Available at: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/mineralsmetals/pdf/mms-smm/busi-indu/rad-rad/pdf/scr-tir-rec-peh-eng.pdf Google Scholar
Piotrowska, N. 2013. Status report of AMS sample preparation laboratory at Gadam Centre, Gliwice, Poland. Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 294:176–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez, LS, Bermejo Muñoz, JM, Zambon, A, Faure, JP. 2017. Determination of the biomass content of end-of-life tyres. Biomass volume estimation and valorization for energy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebola, MR, Mativenga, PT, Pretorius, J. 2018. A benchmark study of waste tyre recycling in South Africa to European Union practice. Procedia CIRP 69:950–955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seiler, M, Grootes, PM, Haarsaker, J, Lélu, S, Rzadeczka-Juga, I, Stene, S, Svarva, H, Thun, T, Værnes, E, Nadeau, M-J. 2019. Status report of the Trondheim Radiocarbon Laboratory. Radiocarbon 61(6):1963–1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tudyka, K, Pawełczyk, F, Michczyński, A. 2021. Bias arising from 222Rn contamination in standardized methods for biobased content determination and a simple removal method. Measurement. 167:108263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wacker, L, Němec, M, Bourquin, J. 2010. A revolutionary graphitisation system: fully automated, compact and simple. Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials Atoms 268(7–8):931–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar