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Vegetation Change in Southwestern Amazonia (Brazil) and Relationship to the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2017

Dilce F Rossetti ,
Marcelo C L Cohen  and
Luiz C R Pessenda
Dilce F Rossetti*
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Observação da Terra. São José dos Campos 12245-970- SP, Brazil
Marcelo C L Cohen
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Geociências. Belém 66075-900-PA, Brazil
Luiz C R Pessenda
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Carbon-14. Piracicaba 13416-000-SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: rossetti@dsr.inpe.br.
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Abstract

The Late Quaternary climate in Amazonia is an issue still open to debate, with hypotheses varying from alternate dry and wet episodes to stable climate with undisturbed rainforest. We approach this question using δ13C, C/N, and, to a lesser extent, δ15N from deposits derived from four cores, with the results combined with published pollen data from two of these cores. These data were analyzed within the context of radiocarbon dating, which revealed ages ranging from 42.8–41.8 to 2.3–2.2 cal ka BP. Fluvial channel and floodplain deposits with freshwater phytoplankton recorded a trend of wet climate with dry episodes before ~40 cal ka BP, followed by humid and cold climate until the Last Glacial Maximum, with intensified aridity towards the end of the Late Pleistocene. Peaks of increased contributions in C4 land plants in the mid- to late Holocene were not synchronous and have no correspondence with Amazonian Holocene dry episodes, being due to sedimentary processes related to fluvial dynamics during the establishment of herbaceous fields on abandoned depositional sites. Thus, the climate remained wet in the Holocene, which would have favored the expansion of the Amazonian rainforest as we see today.

Keywords

carbon isotopesvegetationLate Pleistocene–Holocenesouthwestern Amazoniaclimatesedimentary dynamics
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 69 - 89
Copyright
© 2017 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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