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Développements récents sur les détecteurs cryogéniques, applications dans la recherche et l’industrie

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2005

E. Leblanc
E. Leblanc*
Affiliation:
Bureau national de métrologie, Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract

Les performances remarquables des détecteurs fonctionnant à très basse température ont franchi les limites inhérentes aux détecteurs conventionnels à semi-conducteur ou à scintillateur. Ceci s’explique par les principes physiques de détection exploités par les différentes technologies développées aujourd’hui. L’élégance de ces technologies est de mettre en jeu la création de quanta d’énergie inférieure de trois à quatre ordres de grandeur par rapport à celle des détecteurs classiques. Les très faibles fluctuations statistiques du nombre de quanta créés pour une interaction donnent ainsi accès à des seuils de détection et des résolutions en énergie meilleurs de un à deux ordres de grandeur. De plus le rendement de détection n’est pas limité à basse énergie comme dans le cas des semi-conducteurs en germanium ou en silicium. Les détecteurs cryogéniques sont aujourd’hui développés et utilisés dans des applications multiples (caméras pour télescopes, spectromètres imageurs, analyse de matériaux par fluorescence X, mesure d’activité, ...), qui recouvrent la détection des rayonnements sub-millimétriques, infrarouges, UV, X, gamma, bêta et des particules alpha. L’apparition très récente sur le marché de réfrigérateurs sans liquide cryogénique et très simples d’utilisation ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d’applications industrielles de ces détecteurs.

Keywords

detectorcryogenydosimetry
Type
Research Article
Information
Radioprotection , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , October 2004 , pp. 535 - 547
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2004

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