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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2008
We consider logics on
$\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{N}$
which are weaker than
Presburger arithmetic and
we settle the following decision
problem: given a k-ary
relation on $\mathbb{Z}$
and $\mathbb{N}$
which are first order definable in
Presburger arithmetic, are they definable in these
weaker logics? These logics, intuitively,
are obtained by considering modulo and threshold counting predicates for differences of two variables.