Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:52:54.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Migration temporaire et mobilité intergénérationnelle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Alice Mesnard
Alice Mesnard*
Affiliation:
ARQADE, universitéde Toulouse 1
Get access

Résumé

L’article étudie l’effet de l’émigration des travailleurs sur la distribution de la richesse d’une petite économie où les travailleurs sont confrontés à des difficultés d’accès au marché du crédit. Les migrants s’enrichissent en travaillant à l’étranger puis lèguent leur richesse à leurs descendants en revenant dans leur pays d’origine. Une plus grande proportion de travailleurs de la génération suivante deviennent entrepreneurs. Si l’émigration n’est pas trop restreinte, le salaire augmente et la structure du marché du travail est modifiée. L’accumulation de richesse est tirée vers le haut. Ainsi l’émigration temporaire peut conduire un pays en voie de développement hors d’un «piège de la pauvreté».

Summary

Summary

This paper analyses the consequences of international migration on the wealth distribution of an economy where workers are credit constrained. Migrants earn high wages abroad and bequest part of their wealth to their heirs after having returned to the home country. A larger proportion of workers of the next generation become self-employed. If migration is large enough, wages increase and the labour market structure is modified. Hence wealth accumulation is increased through temporary migration, which can lead a developing country out of a poverty trap.

Keywords

International MigrationOccupational and Intergenerational MobilitySelf-EmploymentF22J62J23F22J62J23
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 67 , Issue 1 , 2001 , pp. 61 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2001 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Je remercie Damien Gaumont, Thierry Magnac et les rapporteurs de cet article pour leurs critiques ainsi que les participants des séminaires du CREST et de la LSE. Je suis bien sûr entièrement responsable des erreurs qui restent.

References

Aghion, P., Caroli, E. et Garcia-Penalosa, C. (1999), “Inequality and Economic Growth: The perspective of the New Growth Theories”, Journal of Economic Literature, December, pp. 1615–1660.Google Scholar
Aghion, P. et Bolton, P. (1997), “A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development”, Review of Economic Studies, n° 64, pp. 151–172.Google Scholar
Azariadis, C. et Drazen, A. (1990), “Treshold externalities in economic development”, Quaterly Journal of Economics, n° 105, pp. 501–526.Google Scholar
Banerjee, A-V. et Newman, A-F. (1993), “Occupational Choice and the Process of Development”, Journal of Political Economy, 101, n° 21, pp. 274–298.Google Scholar
Benabou, R. (1996), “Inequality and Growth”, in Ben Bernanke et Julio Rotemberg (eds). National Bureau of Economic Research Macroeconomics Annual, Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 11–74.Google Scholar
Beine, M., Docquier, F. et Rapoport, H. (à paraître), “Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence”, Journal of Economic Development.Google Scholar
Blanchflower, D-G. et Oswald, A-J. (1998), “What Makes an Entrepreneur? Evidence on Inheritance and Capital Constraints”, Journal of Labor Economics, 1, n° 16(1), pp. 26–60.Google Scholar
Docquier, F. et Rapoport, H. (1999), «Fuite des cerveaux et formation du capital humain», Economie Internationale, 3, n° 79 pp. 63–71.Google Scholar
Evans, D. et Jovanovic, B. (1989), “An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints”, Journal of Political Economy, 4, n°97, pp. 808–827.Google Scholar
Evans, D-S et Leighton, L-S (1989), “Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepre-neurship”, American Economic Review, 3, n°79, pp. 519–535.Google Scholar
Galor, O. et Zeira, J. (1993), “Income distribution and macroeconomics”, Review of Economic Studies, n°60, pp. 35–62.Google Scholar
Garson, J-P. et Tapinos, G. (1981), «L’Argent des Immigrés. Revenus, Epargne, et transferts de huit nationalités immigrés en France», Cahier INED, n°94, Paris, PUF.Google Scholar
Haque, N-U. et Kim, S. (1995), “Human capital flight: impact of migration on income and growth”, IMF Staff Papers, 3, n°42, pp. 577–607.Google Scholar
Holtz-Eakin, D., Joulfaian, D. et Rosen, H-S. (1994), Entrepreneurial decisions and liquidity constraints, RAND Journal of Economics, 25, n°2, pp. 334–347.Google Scholar
Lebon, A. (1985), L’utilisation des fonds transférés par les migrants dans leur pays d’origine, Problèmes Economiques, n°1. 923.Google Scholar
Lucas, R. (1988), “On the mechanics of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, n°22, pp. 3–42.Google Scholar
Magnac, T. et Robin, J-M. (1996), “Occupational choice and liquidity constraints”, Ricerche Economiche, n°50, pp. 105–133.Google Scholar
Mesnard, A. (1999), Migration internationale, accumulation d’épargne et retour des travailleurs, PhD. dissertation, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris.Google Scholar
Miyagiwa, K. (1991), “Scale economies in education and the brain drain problem”, International Economic Review, 3, n°32, pp. 743–759.Google Scholar
Mountford, A. (1997), “Can a brain drain be good for growth in the source economy”, Journal of Development Economics, 2, n°53, pp. 287–303.Google Scholar
Paulson, , Anna, and Robert, Townsend (2000), “Entrepreneurship and Liquidity Constraints in Rural Thailand”, mimeo, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Piketty, T. (1997), “The dynamics of the wealth distribution and the interest rate with credit rationing”, The Review of Economic Studies, n°64: pp. 173–189.Google Scholar
StarkO., C. O., C. Helmenstein, C. et Prskawetz, A. (1997), “A brain gain with a brain drain”, Economics Letters, n°55, pp. 227–234.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J-E. et Weiss, A. (1981), “Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information”, American Economic Review, 3, n°71, pp. 393–419.Google Scholar
Vidal, J-P. (1998), “The effect of emigration on human capital formation”, Journal of Population Economics, n°11, pp. 589–600.Google Scholar
Zaiem, (1993), rapport sur l’enquête OTTE, mimeo, Office des Travailleurs Tunisiens à l’Etranger, Tunis.Google Scholar