Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2008
A well-trodden approach to statements of religious belief takes the following course:
Religious believers call upon God as their loving Father. Clearly God, being a spirit, is not a Father in the straightforward biological sense. What is claimed is that he is the creator and sustainer of all things, and that he has moreover a special father-like care for his human creatures. But this claim does not seem to be subject to any modification in the face of apparent lack of parental care on the part of God to his children. In fact believers are unwilling or unable to specify any actual or potential state of affairs that counts or would count towards deciding the truth value of their belief. In the light of this, it is hard to see the belief as having any meaning at all. The conclusion is that however much we may want to accept religious statements on faith, we cannot, because we are unable to discover what it is we are being asked to believe.
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page 362 note 2 Ibid. p. 127.
page 363 note 1 Frege, G., ‘Sense and Reference’ in Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege, translated by Geach, P. and Black, M. (Oxford, 1960), p. 57.Google Scholar
page 363 note 2 Point due to Dummett, M. in ‘What is a Theory of Meaning?’ in Mind and Language, edited by Guttenplan, S. (Oxford, 1975), p. 125.Google Scholar My account of Frege, especially of Frege's notion of tone, derives principally from Dummett's Frege (London, 1973), especially ch. 5.Google Scholar
page 364 note 1 Quoted from the account of Lévy-Bruhl's 1949 Carnets given by Needham, R. in Belief, Language and Experience (Oxford, 1972), pp. 164Google Scholar;
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page 368 note 1 Cf. Frazer, J. G., The Golden Bough (London, 1970), chs. 3 and 4.Google Scholar
page 368 note 2 Wittgenstein, , op. cit. p. 237.Google Scholar
page 368 note 3 Ibid. p. 245.
page 368 note 4 Ibid. p. 244.
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page 370 note 1 Ibid. p. 33.
page 370 note 2 Ibid. p. 101.
page 371 note 1 Ibid. p. 145.
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page 371 note 3 Sperber, , op. cit. p. 137.Google Scholar