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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
The Palais de Justice, on the He de la Cité in Paris, was the hub of the universe for the officers of the crown, the upper segment of the French bourgeoisie, which really formed a separate class, the noblesse de la robe. They ranked well above the rest of the middle class in dignity and influence, yet clearly below the ancient noblesse de l'épée, whose position rested on their ancient titles and lands. The hierarchy of the royal courts was crowned by the Parlement de Paris itself, whose présidents often held important executive offices from the king as well. Parlement's traditional right to protest before the registration of royal edicts gave it frequent opportunities to modify national policy, a privilege which it sometimes carried to the point of outright refusal to register.
1 The definitive edition is that of MM. Brunet, Champollion, etc., 12 vols. (Paris, 1875-96). All references are to this edition. The translation is mine.
2 Histoire de France, ed. Lavisse, Vol. VI, pt. 2 (Paris, 1904), p. 453.
3 Mémoires-Journaux, XI, p. 15.
4 Mémoires-Joumaux, I, p. 274.
5 Mémoires-Journattx, I, pp. 318-319.
6 Mémoires-Journaux, II, p. 2.
7 Mémoires-Journaux, II, p. 57
8 Mémoires-Journaux, II, p. 181.
9 Mémoires-Journaux, II, pp. 218-219 (first verse of the poem only). Between 1582 and 1586 Esme Stuart, Seigneur d'Aubigny and Earl of Lennox, was instrumental in a plot to restore Catholicism and French influence in Scotland. The Pope, the Jesuits, Mary Stuart, and the Duke of Guise were all involved in it. In the sense that the Counter-Reformation was a single movement, embracing all Europe, L'Estoile was right in describing it as an ‘enterprise of the League'; see J. B. Black, The Reign of Elizabeth (Oxford, 1936), pp. 312-315.
10 Mémoires-Journaux, III, pp. 53-54.
11 Mémoires-Journaux, IV, pp. 13-16 excerpted. Volume IV contains L'Estoile's unique collection of poems, broadsides, etc., for and against the League: Les Belles Figures et Drolleries de la Ligue.
12 Mémoires-Journaux, VI, p. 38. See also Ascoli, G., La Grande Bretagne devant I'Opinion Francaise (Paris, 1927)Google Scholar, for many scurrilous writings against ‘Jezabel'.
13 Mémoires-Journaux, VI, p . 189.
14 See Read, Conyers, Mr. Secretary Walsingham (Cambridge, Mass., 1925)Google Scholar; Teulet, A., Relations politiques de la France et I'Espagne avec VEcosse (Paris, 1862)Google Scholar; and J. Weaver, 'Anglo-French Diplomacy', in Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 1926-29.
15 Mémoires-Journaux, II, p . 149. For the Stafford controversy see Read, m, pp. 212, 266-267,293,301,363-367.
16 Mémoires-Journaux, II, p. 164.
17 Mémoires-Journaux, II,p. 354. See also Ascoli, op. cit., Chap, n, and pp. 278-331 for French reactions to Mary Stuart.
18 Mémoires-Journaux, II, pp. 363-364.
19 Mémoires-Joumaux, III, pp. 11-14.
20 Mémoires-Journaux, III, pp. 24-37.
21 Mémoires-Journaux, VII, pp. 267-281.
22 Mémoires-Journaux, III, pp. 177-178.
23 Mémoires-Joumaux, III, pp. 183-184.
24 Mémoires-Joumaux, VIII, p. 46.
25 L'Estoile regarded the moment of death as the most important in a man's life, and the way in which it was met as the surest indication of character.
26 Mémoires-Journaux, VIII, pp. 71-73.