No CrossRef data available.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 March 2021
John Calvin's “Traité des reliques” (1543) inventories early modern Europe's fraudulent relics. Yet, theologically speaking, authenticity is irrelevant: all relics are idols to the evangelical Protestant, while for Catholics prayer's intention, not its conduit, was paramount. This article locates a solution in Calvin's humanist formation: chiefly, his debt to Desiderius Erasmus—not to Erasmus's satirical or devotional works, but to his rhetorical theory of copia. The “Traité” amasses a copia, an abundance, of fakes, burying the cult of relics in its own contradictions. Fusing rhetoric and proof, this mass juxtaposition subjects sacred presence to noncontradiction, patrolling vital confessional borders in Reformation theology.
This article is dedicated to the memory of Louise Grafton, an artist of the genuine illusion. I am profoundly grateful for the suggestions and encouragement of audiences in Princeton, New Brunswick, and New York; the anonymous reviewers; Jeffrey Castle, Colin Macdonald, Jessica Wolfe, Max Engammare, Michael Gordin, Angela Creager, Carlos Eire, Jake Purcell, Jan Machielsen, Wesley Viner, James Delbourgo, and, most of all, Anthony Grafton.