Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T18:40:17.298Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“The Horseshoe Nail”: Structure and Contingency in Medieval and Renaissance Italy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Gene A. Brucker*
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley

Abstract

This essay considers the role of contingency in the history of late medieval and Renaissance Italy. Were there any events — a birth, marriage, or death; a battle; a natural catastrophe — that might have changed decisively the trajectory of Italian history? The Roman papacy is one institution whose history, replete with contingent events (1305, 1378, 1418, 1527) had a profound impact on Italian experience. The foreign invasions of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries were the product of a cluster of historical accidents in France and Spain, which combined to create the most significant development in the early modern history of Italy.

Type
Studies
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abulafia, David. 1988. Frederick II: a Medieval Emperor. London.Google Scholar
Abulafia, David, ed. 1995. The French Descent into Renaissance Italy 1494-95. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Adamson, John. 1997. “England without Cromwell: What if Charles I Had Avoided the Civil War?” In Ferguson, 91-124.Google Scholar
Barradough, Geoffrey. 1968. The Medieval Papacy. London.Google Scholar
Braudel, Fernand. 1976. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Trans. Sian Reynolds. 2 vols. New York.Google Scholar
Brucker, Gene. 1977. The Civic World of Early Renaissance Florence. Princeton.Google Scholar
Bullard, Melissa. 1994. Lorenzo il Magnifico. Image and Anxiety, Politics and Finance. Florence.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, Jacob. 1958. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans. S. G. C. Middlemore. New York.Google Scholar
Butters, Humfrey. 1988. “Politics and Diplomacy in Late Quattrocento Italy: the Case of the Barons’ War (1485-86).” In Florence and Italy. Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Peter Denley and Caroline Elam, 13-31. London.Google Scholar
Chamberlin, E. R. 1979. The Sack of Rome. London.Google Scholar
Chambers, David, and Dean, Trevor. 1997. Clean Hands and Rough Justice. An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Chambers, David, and Dean, Trevor. 1997. “Francesco II Gonzaga, marquis of Mantua, ‘Liberator of Italy'.” In Abulafia, 1995, 217-30.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon. 1997. Saints and Sinners. A History of the Popes. New Haven and London.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall, ed. 1997. Virtual History. London.Google Scholar
Fubini, Riccardo. 1996. “The Italian League and the Balance of Power at the Accession of Lorenzo de’ Medici.” In The Origins of the State in Italy, 1300-1600, ed. Julius Kirshner, 166-99. Chicago.Google Scholar
Guicciardini, Francesco. 1965. Maxims & Reflections of a Renaissance Statesman. Trans. Mario Domandi. New York.Google Scholar
Hale, John R. 1963. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy. New York.Google Scholar
Hale, John R. 1985. War and Society in Renaissance Europe. Leicester.Google Scholar
Hay, Denys and Law, John. 1989. Italy in the Age of the Renaissance 1380-1530. London.Google Scholar
Jones, Philip. 1997. The Italian City-State. From Commune to Signoria. Oxford.Google Scholar
Judt, Tony. 1998. Rev. of Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past, ed. Pierre Nora. New York Review of Books, 3 December: 51-52.Google Scholar
Laven, Peter. 1995. “Machiavelli, italianita and the French Invasion of 1494.” In Abulafia, 1995, 355-69.Google Scholar
Lovett, A. W. 1986. Early Hapsburg Spain 1517-1598. Oxford.Google Scholar
Mackenney, Richard. 1993. Sixteenth Century Europe: Expansion and Conflict. New York.Google Scholar
Mallett, Michael. 1995. “Personalities and Pressures: Italian Involvement in the French Invasion of 1494.” In Abulafia, 1995, 151-63.Google Scholar
Muir, Edward. “The Fall of Renaissance Italy.” Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Najemy, John. 1993. Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515. Princeton.Google Scholar
Opie, lona and Peter, , ed. 1973. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Oxford.Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey. 1979. Europe in Crisis 1598-1648. Ithaca.Google Scholar
Partner, Peter. 1958. The Papal State under Martin V. London.Google Scholar
Prodi, Paolo. 1987. The Papal Prince. One Body and Two Souls: The Papal Monarchy in Early Modern Europe. Trans. Susan Haskins. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. M. 1975. Rev. of Einaudi Storia d'halia, ed. Ruggiero Romano and Corrado Vivanti. Times Literary Supplement, 11 July: 782.Google Scholar
Ryder, Alan. 1995. “The Angevin Bid for Naples, 1380-1480.” In Abulafia, 1995, 55-69.Google Scholar
Tierney, Brian. 1998. “Communication.” American Historical Review 103: 1758 Google Scholar