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Indecent Theology: Sex and Female Heresy in Counter-Reformation Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2020

Elizabeth Rhodes
Elizabeth Rhodes*
Affiliation:
Boston College
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Abstract

In 1636, the Spanish Inquisition tried María de la Cruz for heresy and having made a pact with the devil. Examination of her trial in light of information about sexual misconduct on the part of Catholic clerics, however, reveals that what drove María to the emotional and behavioral extremes that her accusers described was neither heresy nor the devil the authorities had in mind. Theologians who evaluated her case and also met with María discerned what those who only read the accusations against her were unable to know: María's devils were human men taking advantage of a poor, illiterate woman for sex.

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Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , Fall 2020 , pp. 866 - 896
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Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Renaissance Society of America

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Footnotes

This study was made possible by the kind assistance of Sarah Nalle, who obtained the trial documents for me and generously shared her expertise on the Cuenca archive. Special gratitude to Alison Weber for her thoughtful readings. Thanks as well to Jodi Bilinkoff, Roser López Cruz, Andrew Keitt, Celeste McNamara, Leticia Mercado, Glyn Redworth, Adelina Sarrión Mora, and María Tausiet. Boston College provided generous support for time and means to conduct this research.

References

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Ibsen, Kristine. Women's Spiritual Autobiography in Colonial Spanish America. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 1999.Google Scholar
“‘It's Your Word against God's’: Survivors of Pennsylvania Clerical Abuse.” BBC News, 16 Aug. 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-45213859/your-word-against-god-s-survivors-of-pennsylvania-clerical-abuse.Google Scholar
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Keitt, Andrew W. “The Miraculous Body of Evidence: Visionary Experience, Medical Discourse, and the Inquisition in Seventeenth-Century Spain.” Sixteenth Century Journal 36.1 (2005b): 77–96.Google Scholar
Kuehn, Thomas. “Reading Microhistory: The Example of Giovanni and Lusanna.” Journal of Modern History 61.3 (1989): 512–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. “Mystics and Illuminati.” In Chapters from the Religious History of Spain Connected with the Inquisition, 213–436. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers, 1890.Google Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. Confession and Absolution: A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church, vols. 1–2. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers, 1896.Google Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. “Solicitation.” In History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church, 251–96. London: Williams and Norgate, 1907.Google Scholar
Mantecón Movellán, Tomás A. “Mujeres forzadas y abusos deshonestos en la Castilla moderna.” Manuscrits 20 (2002): 157–85.Google Scholar
Marguerite, Queen, consort of Henry II. The Heptaméron. Trans Chilton, P. A.. New York: Penguin, 1984.Google Scholar
Márquez, Antonio. Los alumbrados: Orígenes y filosofía (1525–1559). Madrid: Taurus, 1980.Google Scholar
Martínez Millán, José. “Familia real y grupos políticos: La Princesa doña Juana de Austria (1535–1573).” In La corte de Felipe II, ed. Millán, José Martínez, 73–105. Madrid: Alianza, 1994.Google Scholar
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McNamara, Celeste I. “Challenges to Episcopal Authority in Seventeenth-Century Padua.” In Episcopal Reform and Politics in Early Modern Europe, ed. DeSilva, Jennifer Mara, 173–93. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
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Nalle, Sara T. Mad for God: Bartolomé Sánchez, the Secret Messiah of Cardenete. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001.Google Scholar
Novalín, José. “La Inquisición Española.” In La Iglesia en la España de los siglos XV y XVI, ed. García-Villoslado, Ricardo, 3.2:107–268. Madrid: Editorial Católica, 1980.Google Scholar
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Pinto Crespo, Virgilio. “La actitud de la Inquisición ante la iconografía religiosa: Tres ejemplos de su actuación (1571–1665).” Hispania sacra 31.61–64 (1978–79): 285–322.Google Scholar
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