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Reason of State, Stände, and Estates in German and English Exchanges over the Crisis in the Palatinate, 1618–24
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 April 2024
Abstract
When, in 1619, Frederick V of the Palatinate accepted the crown of Bohemia, he justified his action, which challenged the authority of Emperor Ferdinand II and precipitated the Thirty Years’ War, by the need to uphold the public order, rights, and responsibilities connected to the estates of the empire. English engagements with the German vocabulary of estates drew upon the concept of reason of state—those amoral political calculations needed to maintain a group's estate, or standing. The article examines the significance of these differences in a vocabulary of estates and state.
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- Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Renaissance Society of America
Footnotes
Research and writing were supported by the project Rethinking Civil Society: History, Theory, Critique (RL-2016-044 Leverhulme Trust Leadership Award) and a mid-career fellowship at the University of Göttingen Institute for Advanced Study. I thank Martin van Gelderen, Tim Stanton, who leads the Leverhulme project, Nicole Reinhardt, Hiram Morgan, Stuart Carroll, Nathaniel Boyd, Ronald Asch, and Christian Kühner, as well as the two reviewers for the journal, for their comments and advice on the subject at hand.
References
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Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. Ed. Brunner, Otto, Conze, Werner, and Koselleck, Reinhart. 8 vols. 1972–97. Reprint, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2004.Google Scholar
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Hoke, Rudolf. “Bodins Einfluss auf die Anfänge der Dogmatik des deutschen Reichstaatsrechts.” In Verhandlungen der Internationalen Bodin Tagung in München, ed. Denzer, Horst, 315–32. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1973.Google Scholar
Koselleck, Reinhardt, Spree, Ulrike, and Steinmetz, Willibald, eds. Bürger in der Gesellschaft der Neuzeit: Wirtschaft—Politik—Kultur. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1991.Google Scholar
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Mendle, Michael. Dangerous Positions: Mixed Government, the Estates of the Realm, and the Answer to the XIX Propositions. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Moeller, Bernd. Imperial Cities and the Reformation: Three Essays. Ed. and trans. Erik Midelfort, H. C. and Edwards, Mark U. Jr. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Oexle, Otto Gerhard. “Stand, Klasse I–VI.” In Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe (2004), 6:155–200.Google Scholar
Peltonen, Markku. Classical Humanism and Republicanism in English Political Thought 1570–1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Pocock, J. G. A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Pursell, Brennan C. The Winter King: Frederick V of the Palatinate and the Coming of the Thirty Years’ War. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar
Reinhard, Wolfgang. “Frühmoderner Staat und deutsches Monstrum: Die Entstehung des modernen Staates und das Alte Reich.” Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 29.3 (2002): 339–57.Google Scholar
Ritter, Moriz. “Die pfälzische Politik und die böhmische Königswahl 1619.” Historische Zeitschrift 79 (1897): 239–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmon, J. H. M. “The Legacy of Jean Bodin: Absolutism, Populism or Constitutionalism?” History of Political Thought 17.4 (1996): 500–22.Google Scholar
Schilling, Heinz. “Reichs-Staat und frühneuzeitliche Nation der Deutschen oder teilmodernisiertes Reichssystem.” Historische Zeitschrift 272.1 (2001): 377–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, Alexander. “Irenic Patriotism in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century German Political Discourse.” Historical Journal 53.2 (2010): 243–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, Georg. “Der Westfälische Frieden: Eine neue Ordnung für das Alte Reich?” In Wendemarken in der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte, ed. Mussgnug, Reinhard, 45–72. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1993.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Georg. Geschichte des Alten Reichs: Staat und Nation in der frühen Neuzeit 1495–1806. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1999.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Georg. “Die Idee ‘deutsche Freiheit’: Eine Leitvorstellung der politischen Kultur des Alten Reichs.” In Kollektive Freiheitsvorstellungen im frühneuzeitlichen Europa, 1400–1850, ed. Schmidt, Georg, Gelderen, Martin van, and Snigula, Christopher, 159–89. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2006.Google Scholar
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Schröder, Peter. “The Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire after 1649: Samuel Pufendorf's Assessment in His Monzambano.” Historical Journal 42.4 (1999): 961–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schubert, Friedrich Hermann. “Ludwig Camerarius.” In Neue Deutsche Biographie, 3:105–07. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1957.Google Scholar
Skinner, Quentin. “The State.” In Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. Ball, T., Farr, J., and Hanson, R. L., 116–21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Skinner, Quentin. “From the State of the Prince to the Person of the State.” In Visions of Politics, Vol. 2: Renaissance Virtues, 368–413. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolleis, Michael. Staat und Staatsräson in der frühen Neuzeit: Studien zur Geschichte des öffentlichen Rechts. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1990.Google Scholar
Tuck, Richard. Philosophy and Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
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