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The Venetian Patriciate in the Mediterranean: Legal Identity and Lineage in Fifteenth-Century Venetian Crete*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
Abstract
In late-fourteenth- and early-fifteenth-century Venice, the state increased its scrutiny over the composition of its patriciate. This essay examines the position of the Venetians with a claim to nobility resident on the island of Crete who were in danger of being closed out of the patriciate and the resulting negotiations over social status and political loyalty within the process of prove di nobiltà. These Venetians from the periphery presented genealogies emphasizing a shared history with Venice, and the Venetian state ultimately accepted the majority of these claims to membership in its patriciate.
- Type
- Studies
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2004 Renaissance Society of America
Footnotes
*
Abbreviations to be used: ASV = Archivio di Stato di Venezia, BMV = Biblioteca Marciana di Venezia, A.D.C. = Archivio di Duca di Candia, AvC = Avogaria di Comun. All archival material is from the ASV unless otherwise stated. The research for this article was supported by grants from the Jacob Javits Foundation and the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation; an earlier form of this essay was presented at the 2001 American Historical Association conference in San Francisco. The author would like to thank Stanley Chojnacki, Paula Findlen, and Edward Muir, who read and commented on drafts of the essay.
References
Bibliography
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Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “L'invention du passe familial.” In La maison et le nom (1990a), 19-35.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “Le travail généalogique.“Tn La maison et le nom (1990b), 37-58.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “Kinship and Politics in Fourteenth Century Florence.” In The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present, ed. Kertzer, David I. and Sailer, Richard P., 208-28. New Haven, 1991.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. L'ombre des ancêtres: essai sur Timaginaire medieval de la parenti.
Paris, 2000.Google Scholar
Kohl, Benjamin G.
The Records of the Venetian Senate on Disk, 1335-1400.
New York, 2001.Google Scholar
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26 (1996): 206-24.Google Scholar
Lane, Frederic C. “The Enlargement of the Great Council of Venice.” In Florilegium Historiale: Essays Presented to Wallace K. Ferguson, ed. Rowe, J.G. and Stockdale, W.H., 237-73. Toronto, 1971.Google Scholar
Law, John Easton. “Venice and the ‘closing' of the Veronese Constitution in 1405.“ Studi Venezianin.s., 1 (1977): 69–103.Google Scholar
Law, John Easton. La maison et le nom: strategies et rituels dans lltalie de la Renaissance. Ed. Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. Paris, 1990.Google Scholar
Malipiero, Domenico. Annali veneti dall'anno 1457 al 1500, ed. Longo, F. and Sagredo, A.. Archivio Storico Italiano 7 (1843): 1–720.Google Scholar
Manoussacas, Manoussos. “He para Trivan apographe tes Kretes (1644).” Kretika Chronika 3 (1949): 35-59. Marcus, George E. “Elites: Concept, Theory, and Research Traditions.” In Elites: Ethnographic Issues, ed. Marcus, George E., 7–28. Albuquerque, 1983.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “Greek Women in Latin Households of Fourteenth Century Crete.” Journal of Medieval History
19 (1993): 229–49.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “The Revolt of St. Tito.” Mediterranean Historical Review
9 (1994): 173–204.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “Households in Fourteenth- Century Venetian Crete.” Speculum 70 (1995): 27-67. , ed. Wills from Late Medieval Venetian Crete, 1312-1420. 3 vols. Washington, 1998.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. Uncommon Dominion: Venetian Crete and the Myth of Ethnic Purity.
Philadelphia, 2000.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel et al, eds. State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World.
Cambridge, 1994.Google Scholar
Mola, Luca, and Mueller, Reinhold. “Essere straniero a Venezia nel tardo medioevo: accoglienza e rifiuto nei privilegi di cittadinanza e nelle sentenze criminali.“ In Le migrazioni in Europa (sec. XIII-XVIII), ed. Cavaciocchi, S., 839-51. Florence, 1994.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony. “Names, Memory, Public Identity in Late Medieval Florence.” In Art, Memory, and Family in Renaissance Florence, ed. Ciappelli, Giovanni and Rubin, Patricia Lee, 237-52. Cambridge, 2000.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony et al. “Genealogy and Marriage Alliance: Memories of Power in Late Medieval Florence.” In Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living: Essays in Memory of David Herlihy, ed. Samuel K. Cohn and Steven Epstein, 39-70. Ann Arbor, 1996.Google Scholar
Morosini, Antonio. The Morosini Codex. Ed. Ghezzo, Michele Pietro, Melville-Jones, John R., and Rizzi, Andrea. 2 vols. Padua, 1999-.Google Scholar
Mueller, Reinhold C.
“Espressioni di status sociale a Venezia dopo la ‘serrata’ del Maggior Consiglio.” In Studi Veneti of ferti a Gaetano Cozzi, ed. Benzoni, Gino, 53–61. Venice, 1992.Google Scholar
Noiret, Hippolyte, ed. Documents inedits pour servir a I'histoire de la domination vénitienne en Crète de 1385 à 1485-
Paris, 1892.Google Scholar
Panagiotakes, Nikolaos. “The Italian Background of Early Cretan Literature.“ Dumbarton Oaks Papers 49 (1995): 282–323.Google Scholar
Papadaki, Aspasia. “Oi Benetoi Eugeneis tes Kretes kata to 16° aiona.” In Pepragmena tou 6° diethnous Kritologikou Synedriou, 2 vols., 2: 431-38. Chania, 1991.Google Scholar
Panagiotakes, Nikolaos. “He Kretike eugenia sten koinonia tes Benetokratoumenes Kretes.“ In Ricchi e poveri nella societa dell'oriente grecolatino, ed. Maltezou, Chryssa, 305-18. Venice, 1998.Google Scholar
Papadhia-Lala, Anastasia. “To ‘Kroniko tou Trivan’ kai o Suggrapheas tou Antonios Trivisan: O mythos kai he istorikoteta enos Keimenou.” In Enthumesis Nikolaou M. Panagiotakis, ed. Kaklamanes, S., Markopoulos, A., and Mauromates, G., 545-62. Irakleion, 2000.Google Scholar
Pesman Cooper, Roslyn. “The Florentine Ruling Group under the ‘Governo Popolare,’ 1494-1512.” Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History n.s., 7 (1985): 71–129.Google Scholar
Pezzarossa, Fulvio. “Introduzione.” In Ugolino de Niccolo Martelli, Ricordanze dal 1433al 1483, 11–80. Rome, 1989.Google Scholar
Rabil, Albert Jr. Knowledge, Goodness, and Power: The Debate over Nobility among Quattrocento Italian Humanists.
Binghamton, 1991.Google Scholar
Ravegnani, Giorgio. “La conquista veneziana di Creta e la prima organizzazione militare dell'isola.” In Venezia e Creta, ed. Ortalli, Gherardo, 33–42. Venice, 1998.Google Scholar
Romanin, Samuele. Storia documentata di Venezia. 10 vols. Venice, 1853-61. Rösch, Gerhard. Der venezianische Adel bis sur Schliessung des Grossen Rats. Zur Genese einer Fuhrungsschicht.
Sigmaringen, 1989.Google Scholar
Romanin, Samuele. “The Serrata of Venetian Society, 1286-1323.” In Venice Reconsidered (2000), 67-87.Google Scholar
Ruggiero, Guido. “Modernization and the Mythic State in Early Renaissance Venice: The Serrata Revisited.”
Viator
10 (1979): 245-56.Google Scholar
Sabellico, Marc'Antonio. Croniche che tractano la origine de Veneti, e delprincipio de la cita e de tutte le guere da mare e terra facte in Italia: Dalmacia, Grecia e contra tuti li infideli.
Milan, 1507.Google Scholar
Sarnataro, Maria Maddalena. “La Rivolta di Candia del 1363-65 nelle fonti veneziane.“ Studi Venezianin.s., 31 (1996): 127-53.Google Scholar
Speigel, Gabrielle M.
“History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in the Middle Ages.”
Speculum
65 (1990): 59–86.Google Scholar
Spitha-Pimpli, Dimitra. Ta lexiarkhika biblia Genneseon Baptiseon kai Gamon ton Eugenon Beneton toi diamerismatos Khanion.
Chania, 1998.Google Scholar
Tafel, G.L., and Thomas, G.M., eds. Urkunden fur Alteren Handels und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig mit besonderer Beziehung auf Byzanz und die Levante.
3 vols. Vienna, 1856-57.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. “Chroniques venitiennes de la Marcienne.” Melanges de I'Ecole Francaise de Rome
66 (1954): 241-96.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. “Sui Dissidi sorti tra il Comune de Venezia e i suoi feudatori di Creta nel Trecento.”
Archivio Storico Italiano
114 (1956): 699–712.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. La Romanic Venitienne au Moyen Age. Le Developpement et Sexploitation du domaine colonial venitien.
Paris, 1959.Google Scholar
Van Gemert, Arnold. “Ho Lauro Querini kai he prote gynaika tou Pelegrina, Kore tou Marin Falier.” In In Memoria di Sofia Antoniadis, 158–67. Venice, 1976.Google Scholar
Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297-1797. Ed. Martin, John and Romano, Dennis. Baltimore and London, 2000.Google Scholar
Caroldo, Gian-Giacomo. Storie Venete.
Chicago, Newberry Library, Case MS Ff 35993.148.Google Scholar
Kastrofilaca, Pietro. Libro de Information delle cosepubliche del Regno de Candia e isole de Cerigo, Zante, Zaffalonia, et Corfu. BMV, MS It VII 1190 (8880).Google Scholar
Muazzo, Gianantonio. Chronica delle famiglie Nobili Venete. BMV, US It VII
196 (8578).Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 2nd ed. London, 1991.Google Scholar
Bartlett, Robert. “Colonial Aristocracies of the High Middle Ages.” In Medieval Frontier Societies, ed. Bartlett, R. and McKay, A., 23–48. Oxford, 1989.Google Scholar
Bartlett, Robert. The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization, and Cultural Change, 1095-1350.
Princeton, 1993.Google Scholar
Bellavitis, Anna. Identité, Mariage, Mobilité Sociale. Citoyennes et Citoyens á Venise au XVIe siecle.
Rome, 2001.Google Scholar
Bizzocchi, Roberto. Genealogie incredibili: Scritti di storia nell'Europa moderna.
Bologna, 1995.Google Scholar
Caresini, Raffaino de'. Chronica. Ed. Ester Pastorello. Rerum Italicarum Scriptores
12 (1942): 1–128.Google Scholar
Cervellini, G.B. “Come i veneziani acquistarono Creta.” Nuovo Archivio Veneto n.s., 16 (1908): 262-78.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “In Search of the Venetian Patriciate.” In Renaissance Venice, ed. Hale, J.R., 47–90. London, 1973.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “Kinship Ties and Young Patricians in Fifteenth-Century Venice.“ Renaissance Quarterly
32 (1985): 240-70.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “Political Adulthood in Fifteenth- Century Venice.” American Historical Review
91 (1986): 798–801.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “Social Identity in Renaissance Venice: The Second Serrata.” Renaissance Studies
8 (1994): 341-58.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “La Formazione della nobilta dopo la Serrata.” In Storia di Venezia. Dalle origini alia caduta della Serenissima. Vol. 3, La formazione dello Stato Patrizio, ed. Girolamo Arnaldi, Giorgio Cracco, and Alberto Tenenti, 641–725. Rome, 1996.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley. “Nobility, Women and the State: Marriage Regulation in Venice, 1420-1535.” In Marriage in Italy, 1300-1600, ed. Dean, Trevor and Lowe, Kate, 128-51. Cambridge, 1998.Google Scholar
Chojnacki, Stanley.“Identity and Ideology in Renaissance Venice: The Third Serrata.” In Reconsidering Venice, ed. Romano, Dennis and Martin, John, 263-94. Baltimore, 2000a.Google Scholar
Crescenzi, Victor. Esse de maiori Consilio. Legittimita civile e legittimazione politica nella Repubblica di Venezia secoli
XIII-XVI.
Rome, 1996.Google Scholar
Crouzet-Pavan, Elisabeth. ‘Sopra le Acque Sake.’ Espaces, Pouvoir et Societe a Venise à la fin du Moyen Age.
2 vols. Rome, 1992.Google Scholar
Crouzet-Pavan, Elisabeth. Venice Triumphant: The Horizons of a Myth. Trans. Cochrane, Lydia G.. Baltimore, 2002.Google Scholar
Da Canal, Martin. Les Estoires de Venise. Cronaca in lingua francese dalle origini al 1275. Ed. Limentani, Alberto. Florence, 1972.Google Scholar
Grubb, James. “Patriziato, nobilta, legittimazatione: con particolare riguardo al Veneto.” In Istituzioni, societa epotere nella Marca trevigiana e Veronese, sec. XIII-XIVsulle tracce di G.B. Verci, ed. Gerardo Ortalli and Michael Knapton, 235-51. Rome, 1988.Google Scholar
Grubb, James. “Memory and Identity: Why Venetians Didn't Keep Ricordanze.“ Renaissance Studies
8 (1994): 375-87.Google Scholar
Grubb, James. “Elite Citizens.” In Venice Reconsidered (2000), 137-67.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David. 1977. “Citoyens, sujets et Protégé s de Venise et de Gênes en Chypre du XIIIe au XVe siecle.“
Byzantinische Forschungen
5 (1977): 168–88.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David. “Social Evolution in Latin Greece.” In A History of the Crusades. Vol. 6, The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, ed. Zacour, N P. and Hazard, H. W., 177-222. Madison, 1989.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David. “La colonisation militaire vénitienne de la Crète au XIII siècle.” In Le partage du monde: échanges et colonisation dans la Méditerranéle médiévale, ed. Michel Balard and Alain Ducellier, 297-313. Paris, 1998.Google Scholar
Kent, Dale. “The Florentine Reggimento in the Fifteenth Century.” Renaissance Quarterly!?, (1975): 575-638.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “L'invention du passe familial.” In La maison et le nom (1990a), 19-35.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “Le travail généalogique.“Tn La maison et le nom (1990b), 37-58.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. “Kinship and Politics in Fourteenth Century Florence.” In The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present, ed. Kertzer, David I. and Sailer, Richard P., 208-28. New Haven, 1991.Google Scholar
Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. L'ombre des ancêtres: essai sur Timaginaire medieval de la parenti.
Paris, 2000.Google Scholar
Kohl, Benjamin G.
The Records of the Venetian Senate on Disk, 1335-1400.
New York, 2001.Google Scholar
Lambrinos, Kostas. “He exelixe tes Kretikes eugeneias stous protous aiones tes Benetokratias.” Thesaurismata
26 (1996): 206-24.Google Scholar
Lane, Frederic C. “The Enlargement of the Great Council of Venice.” In Florilegium Historiale: Essays Presented to Wallace K. Ferguson, ed. Rowe, J.G. and Stockdale, W.H., 237-73. Toronto, 1971.Google Scholar
Law, John Easton. “Venice and the ‘closing' of the Veronese Constitution in 1405.“ Studi Venezianin.s., 1 (1977): 69–103.Google Scholar
Law, John Easton. La maison et le nom: strategies et rituels dans lltalie de la Renaissance. Ed. Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane. Paris, 1990.Google Scholar
Malipiero, Domenico. Annali veneti dall'anno 1457 al 1500, ed. Longo, F. and Sagredo, A.. Archivio Storico Italiano 7 (1843): 1–720.Google Scholar
Manoussacas, Manoussos. “He para Trivan apographe tes Kretes (1644).” Kretika Chronika 3 (1949): 35-59. Marcus, George E. “Elites: Concept, Theory, and Research Traditions.” In Elites: Ethnographic Issues, ed. Marcus, George E., 7–28. Albuquerque, 1983.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “Greek Women in Latin Households of Fourteenth Century Crete.” Journal of Medieval History
19 (1993): 229–49.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “The Revolt of St. Tito.” Mediterranean Historical Review
9 (1994): 173–204.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. “Households in Fourteenth- Century Venetian Crete.” Speculum 70 (1995): 27-67. , ed. Wills from Late Medieval Venetian Crete, 1312-1420. 3 vols. Washington, 1998.Google Scholar
McKee, Sally. Uncommon Dominion: Venetian Crete and the Myth of Ethnic Purity.
Philadelphia, 2000.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel et al, eds. State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World.
Cambridge, 1994.Google Scholar
Mola, Luca, and Mueller, Reinhold. “Essere straniero a Venezia nel tardo medioevo: accoglienza e rifiuto nei privilegi di cittadinanza e nelle sentenze criminali.“ In Le migrazioni in Europa (sec. XIII-XVIII), ed. Cavaciocchi, S., 839-51. Florence, 1994.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony. “Names, Memory, Public Identity in Late Medieval Florence.” In Art, Memory, and Family in Renaissance Florence, ed. Ciappelli, Giovanni and Rubin, Patricia Lee, 237-52. Cambridge, 2000.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony et al. “Genealogy and Marriage Alliance: Memories of Power in Late Medieval Florence.” In Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living: Essays in Memory of David Herlihy, ed. Samuel K. Cohn and Steven Epstein, 39-70. Ann Arbor, 1996.Google Scholar
Morosini, Antonio. The Morosini Codex. Ed. Ghezzo, Michele Pietro, Melville-Jones, John R., and Rizzi, Andrea. 2 vols. Padua, 1999-.Google Scholar
Mueller, Reinhold C.
“Espressioni di status sociale a Venezia dopo la ‘serrata’ del Maggior Consiglio.” In Studi Veneti of ferti a Gaetano Cozzi, ed. Benzoni, Gino, 53–61. Venice, 1992.Google Scholar
Noiret, Hippolyte, ed. Documents inedits pour servir a I'histoire de la domination vénitienne en Crète de 1385 à 1485-
Paris, 1892.Google Scholar
Panagiotakes, Nikolaos. “The Italian Background of Early Cretan Literature.“ Dumbarton Oaks Papers 49 (1995): 282–323.Google Scholar
Papadaki, Aspasia. “Oi Benetoi Eugeneis tes Kretes kata to 16° aiona.” In Pepragmena tou 6° diethnous Kritologikou Synedriou, 2 vols., 2: 431-38. Chania, 1991.Google Scholar
Panagiotakes, Nikolaos. “He Kretike eugenia sten koinonia tes Benetokratoumenes Kretes.“ In Ricchi e poveri nella societa dell'oriente grecolatino, ed. Maltezou, Chryssa, 305-18. Venice, 1998.Google Scholar
Papadhia-Lala, Anastasia. “To ‘Kroniko tou Trivan’ kai o Suggrapheas tou Antonios Trivisan: O mythos kai he istorikoteta enos Keimenou.” In Enthumesis Nikolaou M. Panagiotakis, ed. Kaklamanes, S., Markopoulos, A., and Mauromates, G., 545-62. Irakleion, 2000.Google Scholar
Pesman Cooper, Roslyn. “The Florentine Ruling Group under the ‘Governo Popolare,’ 1494-1512.” Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History n.s., 7 (1985): 71–129.Google Scholar
Pezzarossa, Fulvio. “Introduzione.” In Ugolino de Niccolo Martelli, Ricordanze dal 1433al 1483, 11–80. Rome, 1989.Google Scholar
Rabil, Albert Jr. Knowledge, Goodness, and Power: The Debate over Nobility among Quattrocento Italian Humanists.
Binghamton, 1991.Google Scholar
Ravegnani, Giorgio. “La conquista veneziana di Creta e la prima organizzazione militare dell'isola.” In Venezia e Creta, ed. Ortalli, Gherardo, 33–42. Venice, 1998.Google Scholar
Romanin, Samuele. Storia documentata di Venezia. 10 vols. Venice, 1853-61. Rösch, Gerhard. Der venezianische Adel bis sur Schliessung des Grossen Rats. Zur Genese einer Fuhrungsschicht.
Sigmaringen, 1989.Google Scholar
Romanin, Samuele. “The Serrata of Venetian Society, 1286-1323.” In Venice Reconsidered (2000), 67-87.Google Scholar
Ruggiero, Guido. “Modernization and the Mythic State in Early Renaissance Venice: The Serrata Revisited.”
Viator
10 (1979): 245-56.Google Scholar
Sabellico, Marc'Antonio. Croniche che tractano la origine de Veneti, e delprincipio de la cita e de tutte le guere da mare e terra facte in Italia: Dalmacia, Grecia e contra tuti li infideli.
Milan, 1507.Google Scholar
Sarnataro, Maria Maddalena. “La Rivolta di Candia del 1363-65 nelle fonti veneziane.“ Studi Venezianin.s., 31 (1996): 127-53.Google Scholar
Speigel, Gabrielle M.
“History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in the Middle Ages.”
Speculum
65 (1990): 59–86.Google Scholar
Spitha-Pimpli, Dimitra. Ta lexiarkhika biblia Genneseon Baptiseon kai Gamon ton Eugenon Beneton toi diamerismatos Khanion.
Chania, 1998.Google Scholar
Tafel, G.L., and Thomas, G.M., eds. Urkunden fur Alteren Handels und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig mit besonderer Beziehung auf Byzanz und die Levante.
3 vols. Vienna, 1856-57.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. “Chroniques venitiennes de la Marcienne.” Melanges de I'Ecole Francaise de Rome
66 (1954): 241-96.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. “Sui Dissidi sorti tra il Comune de Venezia e i suoi feudatori di Creta nel Trecento.”
Archivio Storico Italiano
114 (1956): 699–712.Google Scholar
Thiriet, Freddy. La Romanic Venitienne au Moyen Age. Le Developpement et Sexploitation du domaine colonial venitien.
Paris, 1959.Google Scholar
Van Gemert, Arnold. “Ho Lauro Querini kai he prote gynaika tou Pelegrina, Kore tou Marin Falier.” In In Memoria di Sofia Antoniadis, 158–67. Venice, 1976.Google Scholar
Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297-1797. Ed. Martin, John and Romano, Dennis. Baltimore and London, 2000.Google Scholar