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Biology and non-chemical management of Spermacoce verticillata and Spermacoce densiflora

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2021

Juliana Castilho ,
Victor Augusto Forti  and
Patricia Andrea Monquero Open the ORCID record for Patricia Andrea Monquero [Opens in a new window]
Juliana Castilho
Affiliation:
Departament of Natural Resource and Environmental Protection / Program in Agriculture and Environment, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, Brazil
Victor Augusto Forti
Affiliation:
Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomic, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, Brazil
Patricia Andrea Monquero*
Affiliation:
Departament of Natural Resource and Environmental Protection / Program in Agriculture and Environment, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Patricia Andrea Monquero, E-mail: pamonque@ufscar.br
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Abstract

The weed species Spermacoce densiflora DC. and Spermacoce verticillata L. have shown an increase in their occurrence in cultivated areas in the northeast region of Brazil, and field observations have reported their ineffective control with chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the germination of S. densiflora and S. verticillata under constant (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and alternating temperatures (20–30°C) in dark and in constant light; the emergence of seedlings from seven sowing depths (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 cm); the emergence of seedlings under five types of cover crop straw (Crotalaria juncea L., Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Dolichos lablab L., and Cajanus cajan L.) and four amounts (nil and the average, half and twice the amount of straw produced in the field); and germination at different aqueous cover crop extract concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 100%) to measure allelopathic potential of cover crop straw. The results showed that S. densiflora has positive photoblastic behavior. The alternating temperature provided the highest percentage of germination and germination speed index (GSI) for both species. S. densiflora and S. verticillata seedling emergence decreased with an increase in depth, with no germination at a depth of 10 cm. The presence of straw impaired the emergence of seedlings of S. densiflora and S. verticillata by delaying and even preventing germination from occurring. The gradual increase in the aqueous extract concentrations was accompanied by lower percentages of germination and GSI for S. densiflora and S. verticillata.

Keywords

Cover crop strawemergencefalse button weedsgerminationseeding depth
Type
Research Paper
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , April 2022 , pp. 103 - 112
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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