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Incorporation and harvest management of hairy vetch-based green manure influence nitrous oxide emissions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2019

Tanka P. Kandel Open the ORCID record for Tanka P. Kandel [Opens in a new window] ,
Prasanna H. Gowda ,
Brian K. Northup  and
Alexandre C. Rocateli
Tanka P. Kandel*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078, USA
Prasanna H. Gowda
Affiliation:
Forage and Livestock Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK73036, USA
Brian K. Northup
Affiliation:
Forage and Livestock Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK73036, USA
Alexandre C. Rocateli
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Tanka P. Kandel, E-mail: Tanka.Kandel@okstate.edu
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Abstract

In this study, we measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from plots of fall-planted hairy vetch (HV, Vicia villosa) grown as a green nitrogen (N) source for following summer forage crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis). Two treatments were compared: (i) HV grown solely as green manure where all biomass was incorporated by tillage, and (ii) harvesting of aboveground HV biomass prior to planting of crabgrass. Fluxes of N2O were measured with closed chamber systems on 27 dates during a 2-month growth period of crabgrass after the termination of HV in early May. At termination, the average aboveground biomass yield of HV was 4.6 Mg ha−1 with 146 kg N ha−1 content. The N2O emissions were as high as 66 g N2O-N ha−1 day−1 on day 1 after HV incorporation, but reached close to zero within a week. Emissions of N2O increased with subsequent rainfall and irrigation events from both treatments but emission peaks were not observed during the rapid growth of crabgrass. Two-month cumulative emission of N2O (mean ± s.e., n = 4) from HV incorporated plots (921 ± 120 g N2O-N ha−1) was three times (P < 0.05) of HV harvested plots (326 ± 30 g N2O-N ha−1). However, crabgrass biomass yields, N concentrations and total biomass N uptake were decreased significantly by harvesting HV. In conclusion, the results suggested that whereas removal of HV biomass for use as forage may significantly reduce N2O emissions, quantity and quality of the following recipient crops may be constrained.

Keywords

Biomass decompositioncrabgrasscover cropsnitrogen mineralizationN2O
Type
Research Paper
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 2020 , pp. 561 - 570
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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Footnotes

*

Current address: Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK 73401.

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