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Soil fertility management for organic rice production in the Lao PDR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2007

W. Roder ,
S. Schürmann ,
P. Chittanavanh ,
K. Sipaseuth  and
M. Fernandez
W. Roder*
Affiliation:
CIP/CFC, PO Box 670, Thimphu, Bhutan.
S. Schürmann
Affiliation:
Swiss College of Agriculture, Zollikofen, Bern, Switzerland.
P. Chittanavanh
Affiliation:
Project for the Promotion of Organic Farming and Marketing in Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
K. Sipaseuth
Affiliation:
Project for the Promotion of Organic Farming and Marketing in Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
M. Fernandez
Affiliation:
Project Promotion of Organic Rice from Lao PDR, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
*
*Corresponding author: wrjakar@druknet.bt
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Abstract

Rice is the most important agricultural commodity of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), produced largely using traditional methods with limited inputs of fertilizers and other chemicals. The country has a wide diversity in rice production systems and rice varieties, with over 3000 different varieties recorded. The rich diversity and the production environment and methods are favorable for organic rice production. Investigations were carried out to describe soil fertility conditions, management practices, opportunities and problems associated with organic production methods for rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly of low fertility, with low organic matter and N-availability. In spite of this, virtually no fertilizer inputs are used for upland rice production. Inorganic fertilizer inputs for lowland rice production have increased rapidly over the past decade, but are still below 20 kg ha−1. The most important nutrient sources are rice straw and manure from buffalo and cattle. Chromolaena odorata plays an important role in nutrient cycling in upland rice systems and is sometimes added to lowland fields. In a range of fertility management studies, yield increase ranged from 2 to 89% for manure, straw or rice husk applied at modest rates (3 t ha−1), 32–156% for modest rates of inorganic fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) and 36–167% for combined application of manure or crop residues with inorganic fertilizer. The response to locally produced commercial organic fertilizer was poor. The most promising inputs and strategies available to optimize yields in organic rice production systems are (1) optimizing use of locally available nutrients, mostly from manure, crop residues and weed biomass, (2) N addition through green manure and legumes growing in rotation and (3) additions of P through guano or rock-phosphate. The Lao PDR is fortunate to have substantial bat guano deposits in limestone caves. Extensive experience is available on straw and husk management for lowland systems and green manure species for upland production systems.

Keywords

manurerice strawrice husksorganic fertilizerrock-phosphateguanogreen manure species
Type
Research Article
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 253 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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