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Winter legume cover-crop root decomposition and N release dynamics under disking and roller-crimping termination approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

Arun D. Jani ,
Julie Grossman ,
Thomas J. Smyth  and
Shuijin Hu
Arun D. Jani*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Julie Grossman
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Thomas J. Smyth
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Shuijin Hu
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
*
* Corresponding author:ajani@ncsu.edu
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Abstract

Several approaches can be used to terminate legume cover crops in the spring prior to planting summer crops, but the effect that these methods have on decomposition and nitrogen (N) release dynamics of legume cover-crop roots is poorly understood. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify decomposition and N release of roots from pea (Pisum sativum), clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth); (ii) determine if roots decompose and release N faster when cover crops are terminated by disking compared with roller-crimping; and (iii) determine if roots decompose and release N faster under higher soil inorganic N levels. Two field experiments were conducted in Goldsboro and Kinston, North Carolina in the summer of 2012. Cover crops at these sites were terminated in spring by disking or roller-crimping and planted to unirrigated corn. Air-dried roots placed in litterbags were buried in their corresponding cover-crop plots and in plots where cover crops had not been grown that had either synthetic N fertilizer added at burial or had no fertilizer addition. Root litterbags were collected over 16 weeks at both sites. Cover-crop plots terminated by disking had up to 117 and 49% higher soil inorganic N than roller-crimped plots in Goldsboro and Kinston, respectively. However, roots did not appear to contribute significantly to these increases, as measured root decomposition and N release was not affected by termination approach at either site. Roots decomposed rapidly at both sites, losing up to 65% of their original biomass within 4 weeks after burial. Root N release was also rapid at both sites, with vetch generally releasing N fastest and clover slowest. It was estimated that cover-crop roots supplied 47–62 and 19–33 kg N ha−1 during the corn cycle in Goldsboro and Kinston, respectively. Our results indicate that under the warm, humid summer conditions of the Southeastern USA, legume cover-crop roots decompose and release N rapidly.

Keywords

legume cover cropsrootsroller-crimpingdiskingdecompositionsoil nitrogen
Type
Research Papers
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 214 - 229
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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