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International commissions as norm entrepreneurs: Creating the normative idea of the responsibility to protect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

Daisuke Madokoro
Daisuke Madokoro*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Law, Kobe University
*
*Corresponding author. Email: madokoro@dragon.kobe-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Discussion in international relations often centres on a wide variety of norms, such as sustainable development, global governance, human security, and the responsibility to protect. A significant amount of work focuses on not only the theoretical and policy development of these norms but also the role of various norm entrepreneurs in promoting norm emergence and diffusion. Yet there are still knowledge gaps regarding the norm entrepreneurship role of international commissions that engage in the early stage of the emergence of these norms and their processes. This article elucidates the process of creation of normative ideas by analysing the role of international commissions as norm entrepreneurs, utilising a case study of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), which proposed the normative idea of the responsibility to protect (R2P) in 2001. The theoretical contribution of this article is to expand the understanding of norm entrepreneurship by adding international commissions to the universe of norm entrepreneurs and illuminating their strategies for constructing normative ideas. Empirically, it explores the role and activities of the ICISS in creating the normative idea of R2P, which contrasts the existing literature that has only focused on the development of R2P after the Commission has finished its work.

Keywords

International CommissionNorm EntrepreneurNormative IdeaConstructivismResponsibility to ProtectInternational Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
Type
Research Article
Information
Review of International Studies , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 100 - 119
Copyright
© British International Studies Association 2018 

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References

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70 Author’s interview with ICISS research director Thomas G. Weiss, New York, 30 October 2014.

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78 UN, SG/SM/7632, ‘Secretary-General Addresses International Peace Academy Seminar on “the Responsibility to Protect”’ (15 February 2002).

79 ICISS, The Responsibility to Protect, p. 82.

80 Ibid., p. 84.

81 Author’s interview with Popovski.

82 Author’s interview with Thakur.

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111 Madokoro, ‘How the United Nations secretary-general promotes international norms’.

112 UN, A/59/2005, Report of the Secretary-General on In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All (21 March 2005).

113 Jon Pedersen, ‘Ideas, think-tanks, commissions, and global politics’, in Thakur, Cooper, and English (eds), International Commissions, p. 274.

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115 The network was established in 1999 at the initiative of Canada and Norway, and consisted of Austria, Chile, Costa Rica, Greece, Ireland, Jordan, Mali, Panama, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Thailand, with South Africa as an observer.

116 UN, A/RES/60/1, 2005 World Summit Outcome (24 October 2005), paras 138–9.

117 David Cortright, ‘Making the case for disarmament: an analysis of the Palme and Canberra commissions’, in Vesa (ed.), Global Commissions Assessed, p. 74.

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120 UN, A/RES/60/1; A/63/677, Report of the Secretary-General on Implementing the Responsibility to Protect (12 January 2009).