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International refugee protection and the primary institutions of international society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2020

Olivia Nantermoz Open the ORCID record for Olivia Nantermoz [Opens in a new window]
Olivia Nantermoz*
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
*
*Corresponding author. Email: nantermo@lse.ac.uk
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Abstract

Refugees are often considered as a source of disorder if not fundamental threat to international society. In contrast, and drawing from an English School approach, this article argues that the figure of the refugee is foundational to the constitution of both modern international society and its agent, the sovereign territorial state; hence refugee protection represents a primary institution of international society. Starting with conceptual and methodological considerations for studying primary institutions, the article then highlights the longstanding and widespread state practice of granting asylum. It is shown that on the one hand, the figure of the refugee serves to consolidate and naturalise the nation/state/territory trinity underpinning the modern state system; and on the other hand, protecting refugees plays a central role in the construction of statist self-identities as liberal, humanitarian, and altruistic agents. The last section of the article turns to the politics of contestation of refugee protection, examining domestic, regional, and international reactions to ‘anti-refugee’ policies in the United States, Hungary, and Australia. The considerable amount of criticism generated by these restrictive policies, it is argued, evidence the enduring importance and relevance of refugee protection in (and for) international society.

Keywords

English SchoolPrimary InstitutionsRefugeesInternational SocietyMigrationHumanitarianism
Type
Research Article
Information
Review of International Studies , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 256 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © British International Studies Association 2020

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153 Ibid., p. 29.

154 Jeremy Diamond and Euan McKirdy, ‘Judge issues blow against Trump's sanctuary city order’, CNN (2017), available at: {https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/21/politics/trump-sanctuary-cities-executive-order-blocked/index.html} accessed 27 September 2019.

155 ‘Civil Rights Challenges To Trump Refugee/Visa Order’, University of Michigan Law School, available at: {https://www.clearinghouse.net/results.php?searchSpecialCollection=44} accessed 30 September 2019.

156 Jennifer Rubin, ‘Most Americans have rejected Trump's xenophobia’, The Washington Post (2019), available at: {https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/12/americans-have-rejected-trumps-xenophobia-mostly/} accessed 4 October 2019.

157 Soguk, States and Strangers, p. 50; Agamben, Homo Sacer.